Effects of host‐plant shift on immune and other key life‐history traits of an eruptive Geometrid, <i>Epirrita autumnata </i>(Borkhausen)

Yang, Shiyong; Ruuhola, Teija; Haviola, Sanna; Rantala, Markus J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2008.01000.x

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In contrast, in the horned beetles, Euoniticellus intermedius Reiche, and in the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor L., it has been found that larger individuals have a stronger encapsulation response (Rantala et al, 2002;Pomfrey & Knell, 2006). Likewise, studies in moths have not found any association between size and encapsulation response (e.g., Ojala et al, 2005;Yang et al, 2008;Mikkola & Rantala, 2010;Ruuhola et al, 2010). In another ant species, Formica aquilonia Yarrow, Sorvari et al (2008) did not find any association between size and immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Overwinter survival depends on immune defence and body length in male Aquarius najas water striders

Krams

Daukšte

Kivleniece

et al. 2011

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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Winter survival of organisms has a crucial effect on their fitness in a seasonal environment. We tested whether overwinter survival of male water striders, Aquarius najas (De Geer) (Heteroptera: Gerridae), is associated with the time of season they leave the water for winter diapause. This was performed by comparing parameters of males leaving the water at the beginning of autumn and 1 month later. The results show significantly higher overwinter survival in males of the early diapausing group. They were found to be larger than late diapausing individuals. Overall, overwinter survival was found to be associated with body length. The strength of immune defence measured as encapsulation response against nylon monofilament appeared to be stronger in the early than in the late diapausing group. Body length had an effect on the encapsulation rates of water striders, with larger males having a stronger encapsulation response. The amount of lipids was larger in males of the early diapausing group, and the relationship between body length and absolute lipid reserves was positive in both groups. However, a correlation between body reserves and body length was not found when lipid content was expressed as a proportion of total body weight. The results suggest that body length is the main variable linking overwinter survival and resistance against pathogens and parasitoids. This study shows that differences in resistance can explain differential winter survival of larger and smaller A. najas water striders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Overwinter survival depends on immune defence and body length in male Aquarius najas water striders

Krams

Daukšte

Kivleniece

et al. 2011

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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“…Two results from the above experiments support the latter explanation. Firstly, injection assays showed that there was no detrimental effect of PAs on immune performance, and secondly, parasitized caterpillars in the host plant choice experiment showed increased consumption of alternative (Ojala et al 2005;Yang et al 2008;Smilanich et al 2009a). For example, in the arctiid caterpillar Parasemia plantaginis, immunity is highest when feeding on plants that have high concentrations of antioxidants (Ojala et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Nutrients (e.g., protein) can enhance encapsulation and lysozyme-like antibacterial activity, while other immune system components like phenoloxidase activity may not be affected (Lee et al 2006(Lee et al , 2008Povey et al 2009;Srygley et al 2009). Ingestion of certain plant secondary metabolites (e.g., iridoid glycosides) can diminish the immune response by directly interfering with melanization (Smilanich et al 2009a), whereas other metabolites (e.g., hydrolyzable tannins) may act indirectly on immunity via reductions in herbivore performance (i.e., declines in host quality from the perspective of the parasitoid) (Haviola et al 2007;Yang et al 2008). Alternatively, antioxidant activity associated with carotenoids, phenolics, and synthetic chemicals can enhance insect immunity by putatively reducing harmful oxygen species (Ojala et al 2005;Buyukguzel 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex effects of parasitoids on pharmacophagy and diet choice of a polyphagous caterpillar

et al. 2010

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This study investigates complex effects of parasitoid infection on herbivore diet choice. Specifically, we examine how immunological resistance, parasitoid infection stage, and parasitoid taxonomic identity affect the pharmacophagous behavior of the polyphagous caterpillar, Grammia incorrupta (Arctiidae). Using a combination of lab and field experiments, we test the caterpillar's pharmacophagous response to pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) over the course of parasitoid infection, as well as the effect of dietary PAs on the caterpillar's immunological response. Previous work from other systems gave the prediction that dietary PAs would be detrimental to the immune response and thus less acceptable to feeding early in the infection, when encapsulation of the parasitoid is most crucial. We found that the feeding acceptability of PAs was indeed low for caterpillars with early-stage parasitoid infections; however, this was not explained by PA interference with immune function. When allowed to choose among three host plant species, individuals harboring early-stage parasitoids increased their consumption of a nutritious plant containing antioxidants. This result was driven by wasp-parasitized caterpillars, whereas fly-parasitized caterpillars increased their consumption of plants containing iridoid glycosides. Individuals in the later time phase of infection exhibited an increase in PA intake that was consistent with previously reported self-medication behavior during late-stage parasitoid infection. This study reveals the depth of complexity and the dynamic nature of herbivore host plant choice, and underscores the importance of considering multitrophic interactions when studying insect diet choice.

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“…The quality of food can also impact fecundity and egg parameters (Rossiter 1991b, Rö der et al 2008, Yang et al 2008. Nutrients supplied by mothers to eggs inßuence egg provisions and ultimately offspring performance and survival.…”

Section: Fig 2 Glucose (A) Glycogen (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Host Tree on Forest Tent Caterpillar Performance and Offspring Overwintering Mortality

et al. 2010

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One of the most damaging insect pests in deciduous forests of North America is the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner. It can feed on a variety of plants, but trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux) is its preferred host and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) serves as a secondary one in the northern part of its distribution. Because host plant characteristics influence insect performance and survival, we evaluated the impact of trembling aspen and sugar maple foliage on M. disstria performance. Host effects on insect cold hardiness and overwintering survival of offspring were also studied. Forest tent caterpillar reared on aspen leaves had a shorter development time, higher pupal weights and fecundity, and superior egg parameters (length and weight) compared with those reared on sugar maple leaves. Larvae from the two food treatments had low glucose levels during diapause, whereas glycerol content of insects reared on maple was significantly higher during diapause than larvae fed on aspen. Lower glycerol content may explain the higher overwinter mortality of pharate larvae from aspen-reared parents even though their supercooling points were as low as -36 degrees C. This study shows the influence of host plant on insect life history and the need to consider overwintering success and offspring performance in studies to understand and predict population growth and cycling.

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Effects of host‐plant shift on immune and other key life‐history traits of an eruptive Geometrid, Epirrita autumnata (Borkhausen)

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Overwinter survival depends on immune defence and body length in male Aquarius najas water striders

Overwinter survival depends on immune defence and body length in male Aquarius najas water striders

Complex effects of parasitoids on pharmacophagy and diet choice of a polyphagous caterpillar

Impact of Host Tree on Forest Tent Caterpillar Performance and Offspring Overwintering Mortality

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