Effects of hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptives on lactation and incidence of pregnancy

Zacharias, Sergio; Aguilera, E; Assenzo, Joseph R.; Zañartu, J

doi:10.1016/0010-7824(86)90014-4

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…13 During the study it was found that post partum uterine contractions had no effect on the IUCD placement, and thus administration of 10 IU oxytocin as a part of active management of third stage of labour had no interference with PPIUCD placement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of post-placental intrauterine device (PPIUCD) in terms of awareness, acceptance, and expulsion in a tertiary care centre

Rai

Agarwal

2013

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of post-placental intrauterine device (PPIUCD) in terms of awareness, acceptance, and expulsion in a tertiary care centre

Rai

Agarwal

2013

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…One child death was reported in the nonhormonal group, and none was reported in the DMPA group. In another study, infants had no adverse effects with maternal NET-EN use through 30 months of age when compared with nonhormonal method use; specific outcomes were not provided [39]. The fourth study found no difference in growth or development among infants of NET-EN users compared with infants of Cu-IUD users over 12 months [40].…”

Section: Rctsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Another found that women using DMPA breastfed for longer than a historical control group, although no difference was noted compared with IUD users [37]. Two other studies similarly found longer duration of breastfeeding among women using DMPA compared with nonhormonal methods [38,39]. Another found that NET-EN and (presumably nonhormonal) IUD users had no difference in time to first supplementary feeding, but infants of IUD users weaned earlier [40].…”

Section: Randomized Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a nonrandomized trial, POP users initiated breastfeeding earlier than placebo users [43]. Other studies found no difference in breastfeeding duration for POP users compared with historical controls [37] or compared with nonhormonal users [39,44], while two found longer breastfeeding duration among POP users compared with historical controls [45] or IUD users [46]. Finally, two studies found less supplementation among POP users than nonhormonal users [47,48].…”

Section: Randomized Clinical Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study found no difference in urinary FSH, LH or testosterone among male infants of POP users compared with users of no method at 4 weeks [65]. Another study found no adverse effects of POPs up to an average of 4.5 years of age, compared with infants of women who used the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) or the IUD (presumably nonhormonal) [39]. Two studies found no growth differences between infants of mothers using POPs compared with nonhormonal users [47,48]; one of these also found no difference in hospitalizations [47], while the other found more frequent minor illnesses and greater mortality (3 vs. 0 deaths) among children of mothers who used nonhormonal methods [48].…”

Section: Rctsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: a systematic review

2010

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Background: Postpartum women need effective contraception. Concerns have been raised that use of progestogen-only contraceptives (POCs) may affect breastfeeding performance and infant health outcomes. Objectives: We investigated the clinical outcomes of breastfeeding duration, initiation of supplemental feeding and weaning, as well as infant outcomes including infant growth, health and development among breastfeeding women using POCs compared with breastfeeding women not using POCs. Search strategy: We searched the PubMed database for all articles published from database inception through December 2014. Selection criteria: We included primary research studies of breastfeeding women of any age or parity who received POCs, including progestogen-only pills, injectables, implants or hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs). The main outcomes were breastfeeding performance (as measured by initiation, continuation, frequency and exclusivity of breastfeeding) and infant health (as measured by growth, development or adverse health effects). Results: Forty-nine articles reporting on 47 different studies were identified that investigated the use of POCs in breastfeeding women and reported clinically relevant outcomes of infant growth, health or breastfeeding performance. Studies ranged from poor to fair methodological quality and generally failed to show negative effects of the use of POCs on breastfeeding outcomes or on infant growth or development. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) raises concerns that immediate insertion of the levonorgestrel IUD postpartum may be associated with poorer breastfeeding performance when compared with delayed insertion, although two other RCTs evaluating early etonogestrel implants compared with delayed initiation of implants or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate failed to find such an association. Conclusion: The preponderance of evidence fails to demonstrate adverse breastfeeding outcomes or negative health outcomes in infants such as restricted growth, health problems or impaired development. Evidence newly added to this review was largely consistent with previous evidence.

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The Influence of Medroxyprogesterone on the Duration of Breast-feeding in Mothers in an Urban Community

Hannon

Duggan

Serwint³

et al. 1997

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Effects of hormonal and nonhormonal contraceptives on lactation and incidence of pregnancy

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of post-placental intrauterine device (PPIUCD) in terms of awareness, acceptance, and expulsion in a tertiary care centre

Evaluation of post-placental intrauterine device (PPIUCD) in terms of awareness, acceptance, and expulsion in a tertiary care centre

Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: a systematic review

The Influence of Medroxyprogesterone on the Duration of Breast-feeding in Mothers in an Urban Community

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