Effects of Hiking Downhill Using Trekking Poles while Carrying External Loads

Bohne, Michael; Abendroth-Smith, Julianne

doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000240328.31276.fc

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The results of the present study indicated that compared with regular walking, walking with Nordic poles can prevent damage to the lower extremity joints18 ) and relatively reduce loads on the knee joints6 ) . Unlike regular walking exercises, Nordic pole walking exercises induces the mobilization of all upper and lower extremity muscles because poles are used, and so they show higher oxygen consumption by the body compared with regular walking19 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparison of the Effects of Walking with and without Nordic Pole on Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation

Shim

Kwon²,

Kim

et al. 2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Nordic pole walking on the electromyographic activities of upper extremity and lower extremity muscles. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were randomly divided into two groups as follows: without Nordic pole walking group (n=13) and with Nordic pole walking group (n=13). The EMG data were collected by measurement while the subjects walking on a treadmill for 30 minutes by measuring from one heel strike to the next. [Results] Both the average values and maximum values of the muscle activity of the upper extremity increased in both the group that used Nordic poles and the group that did not use Nordic poles, and the values showed statistically significant differences. There was an increase in the average value for muscle activity of the latissimus dorsi, but the difference was not statistically significant, although there was a statistically significant increase in its maximum value. The average and maximum values for muscle activity of the lower extremity did not show large differences in either group, and the values did not show any statistically significant differences. [Conclusion] The use of Nordic poles by increased muscle activity of the upper extremity compared with regular walking but did not affect the lower extremity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparison of the Effects of Walking with and without Nordic Pole on Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation

Shim

Kwon²,

Kim

et al. 2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…At a given walking speed, NW involves more muscles in various body segments and induces greater exercise intensity compared with level walking (LW) [2-11]. Furthermore, NW places a smaller load on the legs during walking [12-16]. Thus, NW is a considered a good sport for improving health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen uptake, heart rate, perceived exertion, and integrated electromyogram of the lower and upper extremities during level and Nordic walking on a treadmill

Sugiyama

Kawamura²,

Tomita

et al. 2013

J Physiol Anthropol

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The purpose of this study was to characterize responses in oxygen uptake ( V·O2), heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (OMNI scale) and integrated electromyogram (iEMG) readings during incremental Nordic walking (NW) and level walking (LW) on a treadmill. Ten healthy adults (four men, six women), who regularly engaged in physical activity in their daily lives, were enrolled in the study. All subjects were familiar with NW. Each subject began walking at 60 m/min for 3 minutes, with incremental increases of 10 m/min every 2 minutes up to 120 m/min V·O2 , V·E and HR were measured every 30 seconds, and the OMNI scale was used during the final 15 seconds of each exercise. EMG readings were recorded from the triceps brachii, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior muscles. V·O2 was significantly higher during NW than during LW, with the exception of the speed of 70 m/min (P < 0.01). V·E and HR were higher during NW than LW at all walking speeds (P < 0.05 to 0.001). OMNI scale of the upper extremities was significantly higher during NW than during LW at all speeds (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the iEMG reading for the VL was lower during NW than during LW at all walking speeds, while the iEMG reading for the BF and GA muscles were significantly lower during NW than LW at some speeds. These data suggest that the use of poles in NW attenuates muscle activity in the lower extremities during the stance and push-off phases, and decreases that of the lower extremities and increase energy expenditure of the upper body and respiratory system at certain walking speeds.

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“…Regarding downhill walking, NW does appear to provide benefits. Bohne and Abendroth-Smith (2007) examined the effects of hiking downhill using trekking poles while carrying external loads. They observed a…”

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confidence: 99%

Inverse Dynamic Analysis of the Lower Extremities during Nordic Walking, Walking, and Running

Stief

Kleindienst²,

Wiemeyer

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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Compared with walking (W), Nordic walking (NW) exhibits greater cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular benefits. Some authors conjecture that compared with W or running (R), NW imposes smaller mechanical loads on the musculoskeletal system. The purpose of the current study was to quantify any differences in joint loading of the lower extremities among NW, W, and R. Fifteen experienced adults participated. Kinematic and force measurements were combined using an inverse dynamics approach to yield joint moments. The results showed no biomechanical benefit of NW. Instead, NW involved greater knee joint loading just after heel strike compared with W. This was due to the longer steps and the higher sole angle during the first part of the stance phase. The sagittal and frontal plane moments were smaller for NW compared with R, but in the transverse plane, the ankle moments were greater in NW than in W or R. Based on these results, NW is not recommended as an exercise for persons who seek to reduce biomechanical loading of the lower extremities.

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Effects of Hiking Downhill Using Trekking Poles while Carrying External Loads

Abstract: A reduction in the forces, moments, and power around the joint, with the use of poles, will help reduce the loading on the joints of the lower extremity.

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of the Effects of Walking with and without Nordic Pole on Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation

Comparison of the Effects of Walking with and without Nordic Pole on Upper Extremity and Lower Extremity Muscle Activation

Oxygen uptake, heart rate, perceived exertion, and integrated electromyogram of the lower and upper extremities during level and Nordic walking on a treadmill

Inverse Dynamic Analysis of the Lower Extremities during Nordic Walking, Walking, and Running

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