Effects of high-pressure hydrogen charging on the structure of austenitic stainless steels

Hoelzel, Markus; Danilkin, Sergey; Ehrenberg, Helmut; Toebbens, Daniel M.; Udovic, Terrence J.; Fueß, H.; Wipf, H.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.06.017

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…При выборе материалов для водородной энергетики важно учитывать влияние водорода как легирующего элемента на процессы пластической деформации аустенитных нержавеющих сталей. Достаточно много работ свидетельствуют о том, что АНС с высокой стабильностью аустенита к фазовым превращениям (например, Х17Н14М3 или Х18Н20С2) менее чувствительны к водородному охрупчиванию, чем марки стали с низкой стабильностью (например, Х18Н8, Х18Н10, Х18Н10Т) [3,5,[14][15][16][17][18]. При этом стабильность АНС к фазовым превращениям, в свою очередь, напрямую связана с энергией дефекта упаковки (ЭДУ), которая определяется химическим составом стали [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: а н н о та ц и яunclassified

Influence of hydrogen saturation on the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-17Cr-13Ni-3Mo-0.01C austenitic steel during rolling at different temperatures

Melnikov¹,

Maier²,

Moskvina³

et al. 2021

Metal Working and Material Science

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Introduction. The development of hydrogen energy implies a decrease in the dependence of various human activities on fossil energy sources and a significant reduction in carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere. Therefore, the requirements for the quality of structural materials, which have the prospect of being used for storage and transportation of hydrogen, as well as for the creation of infrastructure facilities for hydrogen energy, are increasing. Therefore, the scientific researches on the hydrogen-assisted microstructure and mechanical behavior of structural materials in various loading schemes are of great importance. The aim of this work is to establish the effect of chemical-deformation treatment, including rolling combined with hydrogen saturation, on the microstructure, phase composition, and mechanical properties of 316L-type austenitic stainless steel. Methods. Transmission electron microscopy and backscattered electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, X-ray phase and magnetic phase analysis, microindentation and uniaxial static tension are utilized. Results and Discussion. It is shown experimentally that after rolling with 25 and 50 % upset, the morphology of the defect structure and the phase composition of 316L steel substantially depends on the deformation temperature (at room temperature or with the cooling of the samples in the liquid nitrogen) and on hydrogen saturation rate (for 5 hours at a current density of 200 mA/cm2). The main deformation mechanisms of the steel in rolling are slip, twinning, and microlocalization of plastic flow, which all provide the formation of ultrafine grain-subgrain structure in the samples. In addition, deformation-induced ε and α' martensitic phases are formed in the structure of the rolled samples. Regardless of the regime of chemical-deformation processing, grain-subgrain structures with a high density of deformation defects are formed in steel, but its morphologies are dependent on the processing regime. The experimental data indicate that both preliminary hydrogen saturation and a decrease in the deformation temperature contribute to the more active development of mechanical twinning and deformation-induced phase transformations during rolling. Despite the discovered effects on the influence of hydrogen saturation on the deformation mechanisms and the morphology of a defective microstructure formed during rolling, preliminary hydrogenation has little effect on the mechanical properties of steel at a fixed degree and temperature of deformation. These data indicate that irrespective of the morphology of the defective grain-subgrain structure, grain refinement, accumulation of deformation defects and an increase in internal stresses lead to an increase in the strength characteristics of the steel.

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Section: а н н о та ц и яunclassified

Influence of hydrogen saturation on the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-17Cr-13Ni-3Mo-0.01C austenitic steel during rolling at different temperatures

Melnikov¹,

Maier²,

Moskvina³

et al. 2021

Metal Working and Material Science

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“…Precharging the specimen with hydrogen can be done electrochemically or thermally. In thermal precharging, the specimen is kept in high‐pressure hydrogen gas at temperatures typically between 200 and 400 °C for more than 24 h …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zhang et al reported that hydrogen embrittlement in 304 steel, prestrained at −65 °C and charged with hydrogen at 200 °C, decreases with increasing prestrain. In addition, hydrogen as a solute has also been reported to affect the stability of austenite . Narita et al reported that low‐intensity X‐ray peaks of hcp‐martensite appeared in unstrained 304 specimens that were charged with hydrogen at 300 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thermal Charging of Hydrogen on the Microstructure of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

Kim

Phaniraj

Kim

et al. 2016

steel research int.

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The tensile behavior of hydrogen‐charged 304‐type austenitic stainless steel, with and without prestrain, is investigated. The specimens are thermally charged with hydrogen in 15 MPa hydrogen gas at 300 °C for 72 h. Tensile behavior of the specimen is compared with the specimen aged in vacuum at 300 °C. The effect of the charging condition on the stability of microstructure is determined by characterizing prestrained specimens before and after charging. The hydrogen content in the specimens is determined using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). Analysis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) shows that the fraction of martensite increases after charging in hydrogen by 5–10%. The fracture surfaces of the uncharged and charged specimens are examined for characteristic features. Flow stress and ductility of the charged and prestrained and charged specimens are discussed in terms of the martensite fraction and hydrogen content.

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“…Since then, a large variety of analysis methods have been applied to study microstructure, mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of hydrogen containing steels 3, 7–12. Beside mechanical testing methods, also X‐ray and neutron‐diffraction structure analysis 13, thermo analytical studies of hydrogen concentration and transport 14–16 or chemical analysis techniques like nuclear reaction analysis 17 have been utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies 13, 18 show, that hydrogen in ferrous alloys exists interstitially dissolved or trapped due to structural inhomogeneities at surfaces, sub‐surfaces, grain‐boundaries, dislocations and vacancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo Analytic Investigation of Hydrogen Effusion Behavior – Sensor Evaluation and Calibration

Ried¹,

Gaber²,

Beyer³

et al. 2010

steel research int.

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The well established carrier gas analysis (CGA) method was used to test different hydrogen detectors comprising a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) and a metal oxide semiconducting (MOx) sensor. The MOx sensor provides high hydrogen sensitivity and selectivity, whereas the TCD exhibits a much shorter response time and a linear hydrogen concentration dependency. Therefore, the TCD was used for quantitative hydrogen concentration measurements above 50 µmol/mol. The respective calibration was made using N2/H2 gas mixtures. Furthermore, the hydrogen content and degassing behaviour of titanium hydride (TiH2‐x) was studied. This material turned out to be a potential candidate for a solid sample calibration. Vacuum hot extraction (VHE) coupled with a mass spectrometer (MS) was then calibrated with TiH2‐x as transfer standard. The calibration was applied for the evaluation of the hydrogen content of austenitic steel samples (1.4301) and the comparison of CGA‐TCD and VHE‐MS.

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Effects of high-pressure hydrogen charging on the structure of austenitic stainless steels

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of hydrogen saturation on the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-17Cr-13Ni-3Mo-0.01C austenitic steel during rolling at different temperatures

Influence of hydrogen saturation on the structure and mechanical properties of Fe-17Cr-13Ni-3Mo-0.01C austenitic steel during rolling at different temperatures

Effect of Thermal Charging of Hydrogen on the Microstructure of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

Thermo Analytic Investigation of Hydrogen Effusion Behavior – Sensor Evaluation and Calibration

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