Effects of high nutrient intake on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune function of neonatal intra-uterine growth-retarded pigs

Han, Fang; Hu, Liang; Xuan, Yue; Ding, Xuemei; Luo, Yuheng; Bai, Shiping; He, Shuang-Hui; Zhang, Keying; Che, Lianqiang

doi:10.1017/s0007114513001232

Cited by 56 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The small intestine of LP piglets was proportionally longer, thinner, but heavier per g of ingested feed when compared with HP piglets, at 10 weeks of age, in line with other studies (Wang et al, 2005 in IUGR piglets). These findings led us to speculate that LP piglets had an increased surface to absorb nutrients in the intestinal tract, in agreement with the findings of Han et al (2013) for IUGR piglets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Identifying the limitations for growth in low performing piglets from birth until 10 weeks of age

Paredes

Jansman

Verstegen

et al. 2014

Animal

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The evolution of hyper-prolific pig breeds has led to a higher within-litter variation in birth weight and in BW gain during the nursery phase. Based on an algorithm developed in previous research, two populations from a pool of 368 clinically healthy piglets at 6 weeks of age were selected: a low (LP) and a high (HP) performing population and their development was monitored until the end of the nursery phase (10 weeks of age). To understand the cause of the variation in growth between these populations we characterized the LP and HP piglets in terms of body morphology, behaviour, voluntary feed intake, BW gain, and apparent total tract and ileal nutrient digestibility. Piglets were housed individually and were fed a highly digestible diet. At selection, 6 weeks of age, the BW of LP and HP piglets were 6.8 ± 0.1 and 12.2 ± 0.1 kg, respectively. Compared with the LP piglets the HP piglets grew faster (203 g/day), ate more (275 g/day) from 6 to 10 weeks of age and were heavier at 10 weeks (30.0 v. 18.8 kg, all P < 0.01). Yet, the differences in average daily gain and average daily feed intake disappeared when compared per kg BW 0.75 . Assuming similar maintenance requirements per kg BW 0.75 the efficiency of feed utilization above maintenance was 0.1 g/g lower for the LP piglets ( P = 0.09).The gain : feed ratio was similar for both groups. LP piglets tended to take more time to touch a novel object ( P = 0.10), and spent more time eating ( P < 0.05). At 10 weeks, LP piglets had a higher body length and head circumference relative to BW ( P < 0.01). Relative to BW, LP had a 21% higher small intestine weight; 36% longer length, and relative to average FI, the small intestinal weight was 4 g/kg higher (both P = < 0.01). Apparent total tract and ileal dry matter, N and gross energy digestibility were similar between groups ( P > 0.10). We concluded that the low performance of the LP piglets was due to their inability to engage compensatory gain or compensatory feed intake as efficiency of nutrient utilization and feed intake per kg BW 0.75 was unaffected. LP piglets tend to be more fearful towards novel objects. The morphological comparisons, increased body length and head circumference relative to BW imply that LP piglets have an increased priority for skeletal growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Identifying the limitations for growth in low performing piglets from birth until 10 weeks of age

Paredes

Jansman

Verstegen

et al. 2014

Animal

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“…Furthermore, postnatal HN during the suckling period allowed rapid postnatal catch-up growth in piglets with IUGR. In agreement with previous reports (Han et al 2013), the present study showed that the BW of IUGR piglets were lower than NBW at 7 and 28 days of age, but IUGR piglets achieved catch-up growth when received HN. Therefore, it is possible that the growth retardation of IUGR piglets was due to the development of visceral organ and villi height was limited in utero, which reduced the absorption of nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the pig, undernutrition in utero causes low birth weight, and decrease in muscle fibre number and a reduction in postnatal growth rate, but the growth rate could be improved with increasing the feeding level (Campbell et al 1984;Dwyer et al 1994). Intestine, liver, kidney and pancreas are important organs involved in digestion, absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients (Jobgen et al 2006;Han et al 2013) IUGR was found to reduce the visceral organ weight, impair intestinal growth by decreasing cell number and size as well as reduce the villi height. Our findings showed that IUGR piglets exhibited differential adipose deposition and mRNA expressions of lipid metabolism related to liver, abdominal fat and muscle by HN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence has shown that the nutrient density could increase IUGR development or growth (Nissen & Oksbjerg 2011;Sarr et al 2012). For example, High nutrient intake increased the growth and impaired the immune function of neonatal piglets with IUGR, but it is little known about the nutrient level (NL) in regulating lipid metabolism during the suckling period (Han et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of high nutrient on the growth performance, adipose deposition and gene expression of lipid metabolism in the neonatal intrauterine growth-retarded piglets

Chen

Mao

Han

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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Twelve pairs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR,1.84 ± 0.09 kg) and normal birth weight (NBW, 2.80 ± 0.16 kg) of Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire piglets (7-day old) were randomly assigned to four treatments (six replicates per treatment) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. IUGR and NBW piglets were fed diets of either normal nutritional level (NN, 880 kcal/L, 50 g of protein/L) or high nutritional level (HN, 1320 kcal/L, 75 g protein/L)for 21 days. IUGR decreased the average daily dry matter intake (ADMI), the average daily growth (ADG) and leaf fat relative weight. Regardless of body weight, HN could increase the ADMI, ADG and intramuscular fat content, and enhance serum insulin, IGF-I and leptin concentrations, but decreased serum adiponectin concentrations in IUGR piglets. Furthermore, HN could increase the PGC-1α of liver and C/EBPα of longissimus expression in IUGR piglets. These results suggested that the IUGR piglets had lower growth performance and adipose deposition than NBW piglets. However, HN in diets could make up the defect of IUGR piglets in the uterus, and regulated the expression of lipid metabolism genes in some tissues of IUGR piglets. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Piglets in the NNI regimen were fed 150 and 210 g/day dry matter from day 8 to day 15 and day 16 to day 28, respectively. The milk replacer was formulated as previously described (Han et al, 2013), with minor modifications and is presented in Table 1. The diet was provided to piglets after mixing with water at a ratio of 1 : 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient-intake-level-dependent regulation of intestinal development in newborn intrauterine growth-restricted piglets via glucagon-like peptide-2

Liu

Gao

et al. 2016

Animal

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the intestinal development of newborn intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets subjected to normal nutrient intake (NNI) or restricted nutrient intake (RNI). Newborn normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR piglets were allotted to NNI or RNI levels for 4 weeks from day 8 postnatal. IUGR piglets receiving NNI had similar growth performance compared with that of NBW piglets. Small intestine length and villous height were greater in IUGR piglets fed the NNI than that of piglets fed the RNI. Lactase activity was increased in piglets fed the NNI compared with piglets fed the RNI. Absorptive function, represented by active glucose transport by the Ussing chamber method and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of two main intestinal glucose transporters, Na + -dependent glucose transporter 1 ( SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 ( GLUT2), were greater in IUGR piglets fed the NNI compared with piglets fed the RNI regimen. The apoptotic process, characterized by caspase-3 activity (a sign of activated apoptotic cells) and mRNA expressions of p53 (pro-apoptotic), bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax) (pro-apoptotic) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) (anti-apoptotic), were improved in IUGR piglets fed the NNI regimen. To test the hypothesis that improvements in intestinal development of IUGR piglets fed NNI might be mediated through circulating glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), GLP-2 was injected subcutaneously to IUGR piglets fed the RNI from day 8 to day 15 postnatal. Although the intestinal development of IUGR piglets fed the RNI regimen was suppressed compared with those fed the NNI regimen, an exogenous injection of GLP-2 was able to bring intestinal development to similar levels as NNI-fed IUGR piglets. Collectively, our results demonstrate that IUGR neonates that have NNI levels could improve intestinal function via the regulation of GLP-2.

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Effects of high nutrient intake on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and immune function of neonatal intra-uterine growth-retarded pigs

Cited by 56 publications

References 38 publications

Identifying the limitations for growth in low performing piglets from birth until 10 weeks of age

Identifying the limitations for growth in low performing piglets from birth until 10 weeks of age

The effect of high nutrient on the growth performance, adipose deposition and gene expression of lipid metabolism in the neonatal intrauterine growth-retarded piglets

Nutrient-intake-level-dependent regulation of intestinal development in newborn intrauterine growth-restricted piglets via glucagon-like peptide-2

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