Effects of Hexametaphosphate on Soybean Pectic Polysaccharide Extraction

Yamaguchi, Fumihide; Kojima, Hiroshi; Muramoto, Manabu; Ota, Yasutomo; Hatanaka, Chitoshi

doi:10.1271/bbb.60.2028

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In the present study, crude polysaccharide was extracted from soybean residue by MAEE extraction and then fractionated using the Cellulose DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column. The extraction yield was 73.8%, which is comparable to that (previously reported value ranging from 7.09-85%) obtained using alkaline hydrogen peroxide, enzymatic hydrolysis, autoclaving, fermentation, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction [23][24][25]. In MAEE, the extraction time was shorter than that in microwave-assisted extraction (0.5-2 h), whereas the extraction temperature was lower than that for autoclaving (121 • C); moreover, enzyme loading of MAEE extraction was lower than that of enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulase and pectinases, thereby suggesting that MAEE extraction was more efficient and eco-friendly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prebiotic Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Soluble Polysaccharides Obtained from Soybean Residue

Pham

Yang

2020

Foods

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In the present study, we assessed the extraction of low molecular weight soluble polysaccharides (MESP) from soybean by-products using microwave-assisted enzymatic technology and proposed the chemical structure of MESP using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analysis. The results suggested that MESP mainly comprised arabinose, rhamnose, and glucuronic acid with (1→4) glycosidic linkages in the backbone. Compared with inulin, MESP was found to selectively stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus probiotics. Moreover, the results of in vitro fermentation indicated that MESP significantly increased the concentrations of both acetate and butyrate (p < 0.05). MESP were treated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells to determine the anti-inflammatory effect in vitro. It was observed that MESP inhibited nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 production. Furthermore, Western blotting results indicated that MESP significantly attenuated LPS-induced downregulation of phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in macrophages. The underlying mechanism might involve inhibition of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, presumably via JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Collectively, the results of our study paved way for the production of MESP, which may be potentially used as nutraceutical ingredients for prebiotics and anti-inflammatory agents, from soybean residue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prebiotic Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Soluble Polysaccharides Obtained from Soybean Residue

Pham

Yang

2020

Foods

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“…Hisamatsu et al (1995) found that arabinogalactan was the main constituent of hemicellulose, the alkaline extract (24% KOH) from okara. Yamaguchi et al (1996a) developed a method using sodium hexametaphosphate for extracting from okara almost all the pectic polysaccharide alone with no contaminating protein. The extraction conditions required 50 times the volume of a 2% hexametaphosphate solution at 100 °C for 2 h. The extracted polysaccharide was compared with commercial products on the market and was found to have the same viscosity, molecular weight, and sugar composition, and molecular weights or neutral sugar compositions were no different.…”

Section: Utilization and Fractionation Of Okaramentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and Use of Okara, the Soybean Residue from Soy Milk ProductionA Review

O’Toole

1999

J. Agric. Food Chem.

273

166

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Large quantities of okara produced annually pose a significant disposal problem. It contains mostly crude fiber composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, about 25% protein, 10-15% oil, but little starch or simple carbohydrates. It is a suitable dietary additive in biscuits and snacks because it reduces calorie intake and increases dietary fiber. The high-quality protein fraction has good water holding and emulsifying qualities and contains a peptide with anti-hypertension effects. The pectic polysaccharides fraction is suitable for thickening acid milk products. Okara fermented with Actinomucor elegans (meitauza), Aspergillus oryzae (koji), Neurospora intermedia (ontjom), and Rhizopus oligosporus (tempe), on consumption, reduces cholesterol level and contains substances that counteract dietary free radicals. Unique and useful products produced by Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium simplicissimum on okara include surfactin and iturin A (fungicidal), okaramines A, B, D-F (D is insecticidal), an oleanane triterpene, and two dihydroquinolinones (one toxic for Artemia salina). Okara has been used as silkworm food and in the production of ceramics.

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“…This result would show that these components would be structured and intricately involved with each other; this would be the reason many tested pectinases could not digest the cell walls. Although many studies on soluble pectin from soybeans are known, there are few on insoluble pectin ( − ). Especially, studies of site identification and composition are few.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic High Digestion of Soybean Milk Residue (Okara)

Kasai

Murata

Inui

et al. 2004

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The objective of this study was to digest okara in high yield by food-processing enzymes. Autoclaving of okara was effective in increasing cellulase digestion for the primary cell wall, and the digestion was accelerated by the formation of single cells by stirring. Most of the residual okara after autoclaving and cellulase digestion was found to be the secondary cell walls compared with the cellulase-treated soybean single cells. The secondary cell wall was found to be composed of galacturonic acid, neutral sugars, and protein and was considered to be a complex of these compositions. Many cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes could not digest the secondary cell wall; however, it was found that two pectinases could digest the secondary cell wall. A series of digestions resulted in yields of 83-85% from the raw okara, and the final residues were identified as oil body complexes in the soybean cells and fiber-like organ between the cells.

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Effects of Hexametaphosphate on Soybean Pectic Polysaccharide Extraction

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Prebiotic Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Soluble Polysaccharides Obtained from Soybean Residue

Prebiotic Potential and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Soluble Polysaccharides Obtained from Soybean Residue

Characteristics and Use of Okara, the Soybean Residue from Soy Milk ProductionA Review

Enzymatic High Digestion of Soybean Milk Residue (Okara)

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