Effects of herbicides on Behr's metalmark butterfly, a surrogate species for the endangered butterfly, Lange's metalmark

Stark, John D.; Chen, Xue Dong; Johnson, Catherine S.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.011

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the current exercise we model the case in which lethal and sublethal effects are equally important, but the relative importance of these effects varies widely across species and pesticides. In past studies, for instance, we found that the neonicotinoid pesticide imidacloprid exerted only lethal effects on pea aphids (Walthall and Stark 1999), butterflies exposed to herbicides experienced only sublethal effects (Stark et al 2012), and the pesticide spinosad exerted lethal and sublethal effects on Daphnia pulex (Stark and Vargas 2003). Clearly, comprehensive tests of the range of lethal and sublethal effects of different pesticides are sorely needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Deconstructing the surrogate species concept: a life history approach to the protection of ecosystem services

Banks

Stark

Vargas

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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The use of the surrogate species concept is widespread in environmental risk assessment and in efforts to protect species that provide ecosystem services, yet there are no standard protocols for the choice of surrogates. Surrogates are often chosen on the basis of convenience or vague resemblances in physiology or life history to species of concern. Furthermore, our ability to predict how species of concern will fare when subjected to disturbances such as environmental contaminants or toxicants is often based on woefully misleading comparisons of static toxicity tests. Here we present an alternative approach that features a simple mathematical model parameterized with life history data applied to an assemblage of species that provide an important ecosystem service: a suite of parasitoid wasps that provide biological control of agricultural pests. Our results indicate that these parasitoid wasp species have different population responses to toxic insult--that is, we cannot predict how all four species will react to pesticide exposure simply by extrapolating from the response of any one species. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis of survivorship and reproduction demonstrates that the life stage most sensitive to pesticide disturbance varies among species. Taken together, our results suggest that the ability to predict the fate of a suite of species using the response of just one species (the surrogate species concept) is widely variable and potentially misleading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Deconstructing the surrogate species concept: a life history approach to the protection of ecosystem services

Banks

Stark

Vargas

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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“…Pesticides also have "inert" ingredients, many of which are also toxic to butterflies (Stark et al 2012).…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monarch Butterflies Use Regenerating Milkweeds for Reproduction in Mowed Hayfields in Northern Virginia

Alcock¹,

Brower

Williams

2016

Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society

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“…, following the application of herbicides insect abundances can be significantly reduced(Cobb et al 2006;Stark et al 2012). Herbicide application is a part of clearcutting and occurs in my study area.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…I suggest that open wetlands are of particular importance to Common Nighthawk and Eastern Whip-poor-will in the boreal forest because of its value as habitat for insect prey. Open wetlands, unlike clearcuts, do not undergo herbicide application and are known to host high insect diversity and abundances (Spitzer and Danks 2006;Chaundry-Smart et al 2012) including important prey species of Common Nighthawk and Eastern Whip-poor-will (Todd et al 1998;Cobb et al 2006;Iglay et al 2012;Stark et al 2012). An alternative explanation for the positive response of Eastern Whip-poor-will to open wetlands is that it is a statistical artefact.…”

Section: Responses To Open Wetland Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Greenmantle Forest Inc. 2017; Rainy Lake Tribal Resource Management Inc. 2017; Resolute FP Inc. 2017a; Resolute FP Inc. 2017b; RW Forestry Inc. 2018). Herbicides reduce lepidopteran(Cobb et al 2006) and coleopteran species(Iglay et al 2012;Stark et al 2012), which are important prey for Common Nighthawk(Todd et al 1998;Knight et al 2018) and Eastern Whip-poor-will(Garlapow 2007;English et al 2017).The lack of a relationship between the proportion of clearcutting in a landscape and the occupancy of my focal species does not necessarily indicate that clearcuts are benign. Both species select clearcut landscapes for nesting, but occupancy may be lower than expected for two reasons.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Local-Scale Association of Boreal Birds with Clearcuts Does Not Translate to the Landscape Scale

Farrell¹

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Many boreal forest birds, including the Common Nighthawk and Eastern Whip-poor-will, have shown recent steep population declines. Both species are known to use clearcuts as habitat locally; however this relationship has not been tested at a landscape-scale. In this study I addressed the question: Are landscapes with more clearcut associated with higher occupancy of Common Nighthawk and Eastern Whip-poor-will? I selected 49 recent clearcuts (≤ 15 years old) of similar size and placed acoustic recorders on their edges. I measured the proportion of recent clearcut within multiple spatial extents around each bird sample site. I also measured the proportion of open wetland in the landscapes as a covariate. Occurrence of neither species was significantly affected by the proportion of clearcut in the surrounding landscape, at any of the tested spatial extents. However, Common Nighthawk occupancy was lower in landscapes with higher proportions of older (11-15years old) clearcuts, and for both species occupancy was higher in landscapes with higher proportions of open wetland, significantly so for Eastern Whippoor-will. I propose that these species nest on clearcut edges because they seem to be similar to other open habitat like wetland edges. However, clearcuts may not offer the same level of insect prey supply as offered in the open wetlands and therefore do not act as similar foraging habitat. Thus, clearcut edges may act as ecological traps, attracting birds to nest in areas of lower habitat quality. I demonstrated that local-scale habitat associations do not necessarily scale up to a landscape-scale. My results suggest that the conservation of open wetlands will be important for persistence of these boreal bird species. iv

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Effects of herbicides on Behr's metalmark butterfly, a surrogate species for the endangered butterfly, Lange's metalmark

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Deconstructing the surrogate species concept: a life history approach to the protection of ecosystem services

Deconstructing the surrogate species concept: a life history approach to the protection of ecosystem services

Monarch Butterflies Use Regenerating Milkweeds for Reproduction in Mowed Hayfields in Northern Virginia

Local-Scale Association of Boreal Birds with Clearcuts Does Not Translate to the Landscape Scale

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