Effects of Herbal Mixture Extract on Menopausal Hot Flashes and Pharmacokinetics in Ovariectomized Rat Models

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, Phlomis umbrosa Turcz., and Angelica gigas Nakai extract (CPAE) on the reduction of tail skin temperature (TST) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. To evaluate TST reduction in ovariectomized rats, 125, 250, and 1000 mg/kg CPAE was administered to rats for 1 week. The measurement of TST after the induction of artificial stress revealed a significant temperature reduction effect in the CPAE administration group (p<0.05). The TST induced by the injection of yohimbine, to induce hot flashes, was found to decrease as the administered dose of CPAE increased from 10 min to 20min (125 and 250 mg/kg/day, p<0.05; 1000 mg/kg/day, p<0.01). In addition, in a drug interaction test between tamoxifen, an anti-estrogen drug, and CPAE, no significant difference was found between the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles after the administration of tamoxifen only and the combination of tamoxifen and CPAE. We also found that CPAE did not affect CYP2d4 and CYP3a2, which affect tamoxifen metabolism, in a subsequent experiment on liver tissues extracted during the drug interaction test. In this study, we found that CPAE inhibited temperature increase on the tail skin of OVX rats, and therefore is effective in the improvement of hot flashes. CPAE may be potentially used for the improvement of hot flashes induced by the administration of tamoxifen.

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of EstroG-100® in Alleviating Menopausal Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women in India: A Prospective, Single-center, Single-arm, Interventional Study

“…The most common adverse effects of HRT are bleeding, spotting, nausea, and malaise, resulting in many women discontinuing treatment within the first 3 months. Unopposed estrogen-based HRT carries several inherent risks, such as breast cancer, endometrial cancer, venous thromboembolism, and stroke;[ 26 27 28 29 ] these effects of HRT are primarily mediated by ER-α. The estrogenic activity of EstroG-100® was evaluated using estrogen ligand-binding affinity assays in the HeLa-9903 cell line.…”

Combination of Red Clover and Hops Extract Improved Menopause Symptoms in an Ovariectomized Rat Model

“…TST under stressed conditions was measured using a slightly modified method as previously described [15]. Rats were restrained in a holder in a conscious condition and TST was measured for 1 h on the dorsal side of the tail about 2 cm from the fur line using an infrared thermometer.…”