To assess post-operative outcomes associated with routine use of oxidized regenerated cellulose at the time of cesarean delivery Methods: Retrospective chart review of cesarean deliveries divided into two groups: Those in which oxidized regenerated cellulose was used and those in which it wasn't. Following data were obtained: Maternal baseline characteristics, estimated blood loss, pre-and post-operative complete blood counts and incidence of fever and post-operative abscess. Student t-test and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 155 patients, oxidized cellulose was used in 77 (50%). Baseline characteristics between groups were similar. Mean estimated blood loss was not significantly different between groups (803 mL vs 800 mL, p=0.32). Increase in pre-and post-operative white blood cell count (3.5 vs. 3.3, p=0.65) and decreases in pre-and post-operative hemoglobin (1.7 vs. 1.9, p=0.21) and hematocrit (4.5 vs. 5.1, p=0.29) were not significantly different between groups. However, there was a significantly increased incidence of fever in the group in which oxidized cellulose was used (13.0% vs. 3.9%, p<0.05). Abscess formation did not occur in either group. Conclusion: Oxidized regenerated cellulose use was associated with an increased incidence of post-operative fever without significantly affecting changes in pre-and post-operative hemoglobin and hematocrit.