Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Maze Seedlings Growth Traits

Abstract

Maize is an edible cereal crop that belongs to family Gramineae and use as an energy source for human and animals. In our country the industrial and municipal wastewater has been being used for irrigation purposes that contain heavy metals. These heavy metals affect production of maize crop and soil quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the affect of different heavy metals on maize growth and to asses more tolerant and more sensitive maize variety. Different concentrations of Mn and Cr (0, 0.25Molar, 0.50Molar) were applies in combined form and individually. Total three replicates were carried out during research. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s rang test (p ≤ 0.05) were applied as statistical tool among treatment means. ANOVA indicated the differences among five different genotypes and 9 different treatments for all parameters were significant. Tukey’s test indicated that higher toxic effect was shown under treatment 0.5M Mn + 0.25M Cr while less toxic effect was observed under treatment 0.50M Mn in maize plant. The genotype 31R88 was more sensitive for metal toxicity because most of 31R88 traits were affected under heavy metal treatments while more tolerant variety was Neelum. Hence the results of our study have suggested that the genotype Neelum may be used for the improvement of grain yield and productivity under heavy metal stress conditions.

Trichoderma asperellum L. Coupled the Effects of Biochar to Enhance the Growth and Physiology of Contrasting Maize Cultivars under Copper and Nickel Stresses

“…Similarly, genotypic variation in crops and their morphological/physiological activity against HM uptake is a good criterion to evaluate the dose response. A study investigated five cultivars of maize and revealed that the genotype 31R88 was a more sensitive cultivar, while Neelum was a tolerant maize cultivar against Cr and Mn stress [ 23 ]. In the study of [ 24 ], the sorghum cultivar JS-2002 has shown a higher Cd tolerance potential due to its efficient antioxidant defense system than the sensitive Chakwal Sorghum.…”

The Effect of Different Agrotechnical Treatments on the Establishment of Miscanthus Hybrids in Soil Contaminated with Trace Metals

“…This perennial grass, native to Asia, has low input requirements and is responsible for CO 2 sequestration and storage in below ground organs, which in turn could be valuable for nutrient-depleted soil, especially due to the translocation of nutrients into the rhizomes after each growing season [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In terms of phytoremediation, there are reports indicating the phytoextraction potential of TMEs by this plant [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. However, field trials on such contaminated soils have shown that phytoextraction is insufficient for mature plantations and crops should rather be used for the phytostabilisation process due to the low concentration of TMEs in the aboveground biomass [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…Water availability and temperature are the most common factors affecting plant establishment, regardless of species, varieties, and annual or perennial type [ 1 , 15 , 18 , 19 ]. Apart from these most common abiotic stress factors, there may be other stress factors in growing energy crops on marginal soils, such as pollutants, i.e., Trace Metal Elements (TMEs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) [ 9 , 10 , 20 ], or nutrient deficiencies [ 12 , 13 ], which may cause a cross-reaction in the plants.…”

Modelling Treated Laundry Greywater Reuse for Irrigation Using an Affordable Treatment Method and Seed Germination Test

“…They have been identified in animals and humans, causing dangerous health conditions [44]. Even though heavy metal contamination is an environmental and health threat, it is also known that some heavy metals can be favorable to plant growth in trace amounts, such as copper, iron, manganese, magnesium, molybdenum, and zinc [43,45]. When in the soil or irrigation water, the plant can uptake the heavy metals and they will be available in the plant; therefore, using nonedible plants may be useful to reduce the heavy metal concentration in the environment and concentrate on the plant.…”

“…When in the soil or irrigation water, the plant can uptake the heavy metals and they will be available in the plant; therefore, using nonedible plants may be useful to reduce the heavy metal concentration in the environment and concentrate on the plant. However, in the case of edible plants, the heavy metals can biomagnify [43,45]. Elements such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium can be used to calculate the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), which indicates the salinity present in a sample and can indicate whether a water sample is suitable for irrigation [20].…”