Effects of heavy maternal smoking on intrauterine growth patterns in sudden infant death victims and surviving infants

Schellscheidt, J.; Jorch, Gerhard; Menke, Janosch

doi:10.1007/s004310050805

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In the United States, maternal smoking is responsible for 20 -30% of low-birth-weight infants and 10% of infant deaths (64,65). In addition, maternal smoking is a leading risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome in FGR infants (14,67). The growth-inhibiting effect of tobacco smoke is observed not only in cases of heavy maternal smoking (Ն10 cigarettes/day) but also in instances of light (Ͻ10 cigarettes/day) and even passive smoking (50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium reduces 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells

Yang¹,

Julan²,

Rubio³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

104

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium reduces 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells

Yang¹,

Julan²,

Rubio³

et al. 2006

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

104

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“…Nonetheless, SIDS victims of nonsmoking mothers do not have low birth weight, 4 and they have little, if any, brainstem gliosis. 5 Thus, although prenatal exposure to tobacco constituents has a causal association both to these 2 conditions and SIDS, the hypothesized causal association between them and SIDS remains to be demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigators have emphasized the chronic fetal hypoxia with low birth weight 4 and brainstem gliosis 5 seen in SIDS. Nonetheless, SIDS victims of nonsmoking mothers do not have low birth weight, 4 and they have little, if any, brainstem gliosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Nicotine and Interleukin-1β on Autoresuscitation After Apnea in Piglets: Implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

et al. 2000

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. Maternal cigarette smoking is established as a major dose-dependent risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Both prenatal and postnatal exposures to constituents of tobacco smoke are associated with SIDS, but no mechanism of death attributable to nicotine has been found. Breastfeeding gives a substantial increase in absorbed nicotine compared with only environmental tobacco smoke when the mother smokes, because the milk:plasma concentration ratio of nicotine is 2.9 in smoking mothers. Furthermore, many SIDS victims have a slight infection and a triggered immune system before their death, thus experiencing a release of cytokines like interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) that may depress respiration. Because apneas in infancy are associated with SIDS, we have tested the hypothesis that postnatal exposure to tobacco constituents and infections might adversely affect an infant's ability to cope with an apneic episode. This is performed by investigating the acute effects of nicotine and IL-1␤ on apnea by laryngeal reflex stimulation and on the subsequent autoresuscitation.Design. Thirty 1-week-old piglets (؎1 day) were sedated with azaperone. A tracheal and an arterial catheter were inserted during a short halothane anesthesia. The piglets were allowed a 30-minute stabilization period before baseline values were recorded and they were randomized to 4 pretreatment groups (avoiding siblings in the same group): 1) immediate infusion of 10 pmol IL-1␤ intravenously/kg (IL-1␤ group; n ‫؍‬ 8); 2) slow infusion of 5 g nicotine intravenously/kg 5 minutes later (NIC group; n ‫؍‬ 8); 3) both IL-1␤ and NIC combined (NIC ؉ IL-1␤ group; n ‫؍‬ 6); or 4) placebo by infusion of 1 ml .9% NaCl (CTR group; n ‫؍‬ 8). Fifteen minutes later, apnea was induced by insufflation of .1 ml of acidified saline (pH ‫؍‬ 2) in the subglottic space 5 times with 5-minute intervals, and variables of respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, and blood gasses were recorded.Results. Stimulation of the laryngeal chemoreflex by insufflation of acidified saline in the subglottic space produced apneas, primarily of central origin. This was followed by a decrease in heart rate, a fall in blood pressure, swallowing, occasional coughs, and finally autoresuscitation with gasping followed by rapid increase in heart rate, rise in blood pressure, and (in the CTR group) an increase of respiratory rate. Piglets pretreated with nicotine had more spontaneous apneas, and repeated spontaneous apneas caused an inability to perform a compensatory increase of the respiratory rate after induced apnea. This resulted in a lower SaO 2 than did CTR at 2 minutes after apnea (data shown as median ABBREVIATIONS. SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome; IL-1␤, interleukin-1␤; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-1␤ group, 10 pmol IL-1␤ intravenously/kg; NIC group, 5 g nicotine intravenously/kg; NIC ϩ IL-1␤ group, both IL-1␤ and NIC combined; CTR group, placebo. M aternal cigarette smoking is established as a major dose-dependent risk factor for sudden infan...

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“…B. höherer Fehl-und Frühgeburtenanteil, geringere Retikulozyten-und Leukozytenzahlen (Mercelina-Roumans et al, 1996), häufiger plötzlicher Tod im Säuglingsalter (Schellscheidt et al, 1998), langfristig beeinträchtigte Lungenfunktion (Lødrup Carlsen et al, 1997)). …”

Section: Einsetzen Der Menstruation Post Partumunclassified

Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren von Eisenmangel bei jungen Müttern*

Rl²,

Kamtsiuris³

et al. 2000

Gesundheitswesen

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Qualitiy of life and achievements are impaired by unrecognised iron deficiency. The iron requirement of women during their child-bearing age is high and increases in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for iron deficiency in young mothers under contemporary German life conditions. Between September 1997 and August 1998 the iron status of 507 mothers of one-year old children was assessed. The data was derived from venous blood and questionnaires. Besides conventional methods, the concentration of soluble transferrin receptor was used as leading indicator of iron status. 9,5 % had cellular iron deficiency and 2,2 % of all mothers had iron deficiency anemia. In addition to absence of menstruation one year postpartum, vegetarian foood, a high number of children and non-German nationality are risk factors for iron deficiency. Associated with low maternal hemoglobin concentration are body mass index below 19,8, age below 25 years, low level of education and high birth weight of the child. In contrast, high alcohol intake and cigarette smoking are associated with a better iron status and higher hemoglobin concentrations. Children of mothers with insufficient iron supply are also at higher risk of iron deficiency.

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Effects of heavy maternal smoking on intrauterine growth patterns in sudden infant death victims and surviving infants

Abstract: The statistical association between maternal smoking and SID mainly results from effects of tobacco smoke on the fetoplacental unit which, in later SID victims, appears to be more susceptible to the growth retarding effects of cigarette smoking.

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Cadmium reduces 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells

Cadmium reduces 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 activity and expression in human placental trophoblast cells

Adverse Effects of Nicotine and Interleukin-1β on Autoresuscitation After Apnea in Piglets: Implications for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren von Eisenmangel bei jungen Müttern*

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