Effects of heat-inactivatedLactobacillus gasseriTMC0356 on metabolic characteristics and immunity of rats with the metabolic syndrome

Abstract

<jats:p>The present study investigated the potential health-promoting effects of heat-inactivated<jats:italic>Lactobacillus gasseri</jats:italic>TMC0356 (TMC0356) on the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the probable mechanisms underlying these effects using an MS rat model. For the purpose of the study, sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: a control group fed a conventional diet, an MS model group fed a high-fat and high-salt (HFS) diet and three TMC0356 test groups (low-, medium- and high-dose groups) fed an HFS diet supplemented with TMC0356 at 41·8, 83·5 and 167·0 mg/kg body weight (BW) per d, respectively. Food intake and BW were measured weekly. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles and blood pressure (BP) were measured at 0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks. Organ coefficients, immune cell counts and serum insulin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, TNF-α, IgG and secretory IgA levels were measured at the 15th week after diet intervention. The HFS diet increased the BW, liver or fat:BW ratio, FBG, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, adiponectin, serum LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels and BP (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0·01). Average food and energy intakes in the three TMC0356 groups were significantly lower than those of the MS model group. All the metabolic indices, except BP, were markedly improved (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0·05) by oral administration of low and medium doses of TMC0356. The thymus index in the medium-dose group and lymphocyte, CRP, IL-6, TNF-α and IgG levels in all the three TMC0356 groups were significantly increased (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0·05 or<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>&lt; 0·01) compared with those in the MS model group. These results suggest that TMC0356 can improve the metabolic characteristics of MS rats by suppressing appetite. Additionally, the enhancement of inflammatory immune response may be, at least in part, the mechanism underlying the health-promoting effects of TMC0356 on the MS.</jats:p>

Early-life environmental determinants of allergic diseases and the wider pandemic of inflammatory noncommunicable diseases

“…Adverse changes in gut microbiome (induced by the highfat, low-fiber Western diet) are associated with altered gut barrier function, increased systemic endotoxin levels, 33 and antigenic load and evidence of increased low-grade systemic inflammation (as detected by increased C-reactive protein levels and higher levels of circulating IL-1b, TNF, IL-6, and adiponectin). 34 Microbiota can also directly regulate the host genes involved in lipid metabolism, 35 with associated effects of insulin resistance, food craving, altered lipid profiles, and liver function, eventually transforming the host into a highly efficient lipid-making and lipid storage machine. 30,35-37 A critical role for TLR4 was defined by observations that mice with a loss-of-function mutation in TLR4 resist becoming obese on a high-fat diet.…”

Potent effects of, and mechanisms for, modification of crosstalk between macrophages and adipocytes by lactobacilli

“…Recently, LGG was found to promote loss of body weight and fat in aP2‐agouti transgenic mice after energy restrictions (personal communication, Dr. Zemel, Nutrition Institute, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA). TMC0356 protects rats from obesity caused by a high‐fat diet, this protection being associated with increased inflammatory responses of host animals (33). LGG can improve glucose tolerance and suppress post‐prandial hyperglycemia (34).…”

Supplementary heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 ameliorates hyperlipidaemic and cardiac apoptosis in high-fat diet-fed hamsters to maintain cardiovascular function

“…Increased LDL-cholesterol levels is a major risk factor for CVD (14) . Previously, Shi et al (15) used heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri treatments and reduced metabolic syndrome symptoms in high-fat and highsalt diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Similarly, L. reuteri can reduce serum cholesterol by interrupting lipid acid and bile acid conjugation.…”