Effects of heartbeat feedback on beliefs about heart rate and heartbeat counting: A cautionary tale about interoceptive awareness

Discrepancies between dimensions of interoception in autism: Implications for emotion and anxiety

“…Heartbeat tracking scores can be influenced by beliefs about heart rate (Ring, Brener, Knapp, & Mailloux, 2015), it is thus possible that differences between the groups could be influenced, in part, by altered beliefs/knowledge about heart-rate in ASC individuals. While explicit knowledge about heart rate was not probed in the current experiment, it should be noted that such altered beliefs relative to actual heart rate can also be conceptualized as an error in trait prediction.…”

“…Moreover, performance on the heartbeat tracking task (Schandry, 1981) can be influenced by beliefs and/or knowledge about one's own heartrate (Ring & Brener, 1996;Ring, et al, 2015). Our experimental procedures sought to minimise such potential effects.…”

Interoceptive ingredients of body ownership: Affective touch and cardiac awareness in the rubber hand illusion

“…These findings may be explained by methodological challenges relating to measuring interoception, as well as differences between the studies. For example, recent studies have challenged the validity of the heartbeat detection task, given its susceptibility to confounds such as beliefs (Ring & Brener, 1996), contingent feedback and physical exercise (Ring, Brener, Knapp & Mailloux, 2015). Moreover, there were differences in sampling (we tested only women) and the precise methods used to measure proprioceptive drift and temperature changes in the RHI (e.g.…”

Interoceptive sensitivity facilitates both antecedent- and response-focused emotion regulation strategies

“…One limitation of the current study might be that IS has been exclusively quantified via the mental tracking task, a widespread and efficient method, but that is not without critics (e.g., potential influence of beliefs about one's resting heart rate; Ring, Brener, Knapp, & Mailloux, 2015). Furthermore, although IS has been primarily linked to adaptive behaviour, research also revealed increased IS in clinical populations that are usually characterized by ineffective emotion regulation (i.e., panic disorder, social anxiety; Domschke et al, 2010;Stevens et al, 2011).…”