Effects of Health Behavior Interventions on Psychosocial Outcomes and Cortisol Regulation Among Chronically Stressed Midlife and Older Adults

Urizar, Guido G.; Miller, Karissa G.; Saldaña, Kathryn S.; Garovoy, Natara; Sweet, Cynthia Castro; King, Abby C.

doi:10.1007/s12529-021-09957-1

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…More recent approaches used cognitive-behavioral therapy or relaxation and mediation as psychological interventions. Furthermore, psychological interventions based on the patient's expectation, social support, or psychoeducation have also been reported to affect stress related responses [17][18][19][20]. For example, it has been shown that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, psychological interventions are efficacious in modulating HIV disease markers such as hormone regulation and immune status [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Open-Label Placebos on State Anxiety and Glucocorticoid Stress Responses

2021

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Stress belongs to the most frequent negative feelings people are confronted with in daily life. Strategies against acute stress include, e.g., relaxation techniques or medications, but it is also known that placebos can successfully reduce negative emotional stress. While it is widely held that placebos require deception to provoke a response, recent studies demonstrate intriguing evidence that placebos may work even without concealment (e.g., against anxiety or pain). Most of these studies are based on self-report questionnaires and do not include physiological measures. Here we report results of a study examining whether placebos without deception reduce acute stress. A total of 53 healthy individuals received either placebos without deception or no pills before participating in a laboratory stress test (Maastricht Acute Stress Test, MAST). We recorded self-report stress measures and cortisol responses before and after the MAST. Results showed no significant differences between the placebo and the control group, but when comparing participants with high relative to low beliefs in the power of placebos we found significant lower anxiety and cortisol responses for the placebo believers. These results show that non-deceptive placebos may successfully reduce acute anxiety and stress, but only in participants who had a strong belief in placebos. We discuss the results by suggesting that open-label placebos might be a possible treatment to reduce stress at least for some individuals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Open-Label Placebos on State Anxiety and Glucocorticoid Stress Responses

2021

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“…This study reports that the combination of a 12week exercise or cryolipolysis with a dietrestriction program can document a significant improved differences in centralobese patients' weight, BMI, WC, VO-2 max, cortisol, and 6MWT. Cortisol levels can be reduced by eating diets that are low in fatty nutrients and high in fruits and vegetables [13]. These recommendations are significant in light of researches indicating that diets high in fat calories, animal proteins, and salt can cause large amounts of acid in the body (metabolic acidosis), resulting in increased cortisol production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, metabolic acidosis and the resulting changed cortisol levels have been linked to an increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory, osteoporotic, sleep, and cognitive issues in addition to poor quality of life [14]. As a result of dietrestrictioninduced cortisol reduction, participants in diet restriction programs may experience less anxiety as a result of improvements in psychological factors such as selfefficacy and perceived control over their health, as well as changes in their food choices [13]. Cortisol regulates other chemicals released during stress, including corticotrophinreleasing hormone (CRH), leptin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), which impact hunger indirectly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of moderate continuous aerobic training versus cryolipolysis on stress hormone and aerobic capacity in central obesity

Elgendy¹,

Serry

Elnany

et al. 2022

Fiz Pol

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Purpose. This is the first comparative study aimed to find out the effect of moderate continuous aerobic exercise versus the widely popular body reshaping intervention, cryolipolysis, on cortisol (stress hormone), aerobic capacity (VO2max), 6-minute walking test (6MWT) in central-obesity (CO) patients. Methods. Sixty CO patients (30 men and 30 women) were recruited from El Zawia El Hamra One Day Surgery Egyptian Hospital with a body mass index (BMI) ranged from 35–39.9 kg/m2 to be randomly assigned to the aerobic continuous moderate-intensity exercise group (thirty patients who received 30 minutes of treadmill walking, 3 sessions per week) and cryolipolysis group (thirty patients received on-abdomen one session for 60 minutes weekly). Both groups were ordered to reduce their daily diets to 1500–1800 Kcal/day (the diet was revised by a diet specialist every 14 days to consider the inclusion of fat (20–25%), carbohydrate (high complex, 50–60%), and protein components (25–30%). Anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference), plasma cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWD were assessed before and after 12-week cryolipolysis and exercise. Results. A significantly improved difference was extracted using paired tests either within-exercise or with-cryolipolysis groups regarding the patients' weight, BMI, cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWT. In favor of the exercise group, the post-treatment comparison between exercise and cryolipolysis groups showed a more marked significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) regarding the patients' weight, BMI, VO2max, and 6MWD. In favor of the cryolipolysis group, post-treatment waist circumference showed a more marked significant decrease when compared to its post-treatment level of the exercise group. Regarding post cortisol levels between exercise and cryolipolysis groups, a non-significant difference was reported. Conclusion: After the addition of aerobic exercise or cryolipolysis to a 12-week supervised DR plan, both therapeutic interventions can improve central fat deposition, weight, cortisol, VO2max, and 6MWT in CO patients.

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“…This coordination of care can help identify resources to help ease the financial strain and social isolation that many caregivers and their families are experiencing during the pandemic. Finally, additional training is needed to support health care and community workers in the delivery of virtual interventions shown to be effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among caregivers (Urizar et al, 2021 ). Such interventions can be implemented using a family‐centered approach that simultaneously teaches caregivers effective coping strategies for stress management and structured routines they could use at home to help manage their child's behaviors while promoting their development.…”

Section: Conclusion and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health outcomes and experiences of family caregivers of children with disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Bolivia

Urizar

Ramírez

Caicedo

et al. 2021

Journal Community Psychology

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This study examined whether certain demographic characteristics, caregiver strain, and coping behaviors were associated with the mental health outcomes of family caregivers of children with disabilities in Bolivia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A mixed‐methods convergent study design was used with virtual interviews to quantitatively assess caregivers' demographic characteristics, caregiver strain, coping behaviors, and mental health outcomes, as well as qualitatively assess how the pandemic affected their family. Approximately 32%–71% of caregivers experienced poor mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, and depression), especially among those experiencing poor health, high caregiver strain, and those using maladaptive coping strategies. Qualitative responses revealed that they experienced several unique stressors during the pandemic that affected them and their children. These findings highlight the need for culturally tailored prevention and treatment interventions to help offset the adverse effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health outcomes of this at‐risk population.

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Effects of Health Behavior Interventions on Psychosocial Outcomes and Cortisol Regulation Among Chronically Stressed Midlife and Older Adults

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Open-Label Placebos on State Anxiety and Glucocorticoid Stress Responses

Effects of Open-Label Placebos on State Anxiety and Glucocorticoid Stress Responses

Effect of moderate continuous aerobic training versus cryolipolysis on stress hormone and aerobic capacity in central obesity

Mental health outcomes and experiences of family caregivers of children with disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Bolivia

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