Effects of H2O Addition on Oil Sand Bitumen Cracking Using a CeO2–ZrO2–Al2O3–FeOx Catalyst

Kondoh, Hisaki; Hasegawa, Natsumi; Yoshikawa, Takuya; Nakasaka, Yuta; Tago, Teruoki; Masuda, Toshio

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b02428

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The molecular weight distributions of the bitumen and oil product from HPLC were converted into carbon number distributions by assuming the unit structure of heavy oil as _ CH2 _ . The product yield was divided into three groups according to the carbon number: gas oil (Gas Oil, carbon numbers 14-20), vacuum gas oil (VGO, [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] and vacuum residual oil (VR, 41). Carbonaceous solid deposited on the reactor wall was designated as residue, and coke deposited on the surface of the catalyst was analyzed with an elemental analyzer.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upgrading of Ultra-heavy Oil with Iron-based Oxide Catalysts Using the Chemical Reaction Engineering Approach

Masuda

2019

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Our recent studies of the application of iron-based oxide catalysts to upgrading of heavy oils under sub-/supercritical water conditions are reviewed. The effect of reaction parameters on the product yields were investigated for the reaction of bitumen over iron-based oxide catalyst. Reaction pressure greatly affected the product yield, indicating that formation of carbonaceous solid product, called coke, decreased with increase in pressure, and the yield of lighter component (Gas Oil and VGO) was the highest under sub-critical water conditions using both batch and flow type reactors. Kinetic analysis and reaction paths for the decomposition of bitumen were investigated. The decomposition reaction of VR (vacuum residual oil) in bitumen was assumed as second order kinetics, and the activation energy was calculated as 132 kJ/mol. Reaction kinetics were analyzed in details using the Lumping Model. The assigned reaction rate constant for each lump revealed that VR was consecutively converted into VGO, Gas Oil, and Gas, and coke formation was suppressed under sub-critical water conditions, as compared with the main reaction path. Therefore, the reaction process using iron-based oxide catalyst can be applied for the on-site upgrading of heavy oil including bitumen derived from the SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) method, in which bitumen is mined with water under high temperature and pressure.

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Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water 34) The iron-based oxide catalysts are assumed to consume lattice oxygen during the decomposition of heavy oil, which is replaced by active oxygen species from water, resulting in retained catalytic activity and stable structure, as discussed in section 1. 3.…”

Section: Clarification Of Reaction Cycle Over Ironbased Oxide Catalyst Using Heavy Oxygenatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of Ultra-heavy Oil with Iron-based Oxide Catalysts Using the Chemical Reaction Engineering Approach

Masuda

2019

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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“…Parkinson et al found that water was decomposed on the surface of Fe 3 O 4 by scanning tunneling microscope at room temperature. Kondoh et al used Ce, Al, and Zr doped Fe 2 O 3 as catalysts for steam catalytic cracking of oil sand bitumen. They found that the light oil yield reached 71 %.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steam catalytic cracking of coal tar over iron‐containing mixed metal oxides

Wang

Jin

et al. 2018

Can J Chem Eng

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Steam catalytic cracking is deemed as a promising method for the catalytic cracking of coal tar. In this study, a serial of iron-containing mixed metal oxides including ceria, zirconia, alumina, cobalt, nickel, and barium oxides were prepared for steam catalytic cracking of coal tar and characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, H 2 temperature programmed reduction, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that the specific surface area and pore volume increase while the crystal size decreases when Fe 2 O 3 was doped with the investigated metal oxides. Among these, iron-alumina mixed oxide (FeAl) shows the highest specific surface area and pore volume. The H 2 -TPR analysis indicated that most of the mixed metal oxides have lower reduction temperature, especially for iron-ceria mixed oxide (FeCe). The reduction temperature of FeCe is around 500 8C, and its reduction peak shifts to a lower temperature and becomes narrower as compared to other iron-containing mixed metal oxides. The steam catalytic cracking of coal tar at 550 8C showed that the light tar content (below 360 8C) over FeCe, FeCo, and FeAl are 68.5, 67.0, and 66.5 %, respectively. The increase of CO 2 and H 2 over iron-containing mixed metal oxides suggested that oxygen species from iron-containing mixed metal oxides and steam could participate in the steam catalytic cracking of coal tar.

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“…Approximately 10 % of the oxygen species were incorporated into the product oil, and the remaining 90 % were converted to carbon dioxide 13) . Part of the carbon dioxide was derived from steam in the cracking of heavy oil with iron oxide-based catalyst as demonstrated using heavy oxygenated water 20) . Generation of oxygen-containing compounds was confirmed by the catalytic cracking of a model compound 14) .…”

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Upgrading of Heavy Oil with Steam Using Iron Oxide-based Catalyst

Fumoto

2018

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Heavy oil, such as petroleum residual oil, requires upgrading for use in the production of transportation fuels in the petroleum industry. Heavy oil has low hydrogen to carbon (H/C) ratio and high viscosity, and contains impurities such as sulfur and metals. Various conventional upgrading processes including coking, visbreaking, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, residue fluid catalytic cracking (RFCC), and deasphalting have been developed 1). Hydrogen addition is useful to convert heavy oil to light fractions with high H/C ratio and low sulfur content, resulting in lower coke yield, but hydrogen is expensive. Water has good potential as a hydrogen source for the upgrading of heavy oil. Upgrading of heavy oil with water requires the following catalyst properties: high activity to decompose heavy oil, stable activity under severe hydrothermal or steam conditions, and resistance to deposition of coke, sulfur, and metals. Upgrading of heavy oil with water has been reported using various catalysts, such as nickel potassium 2) 4) , cerium oxide 5),6) , titania _ zirconia 7) , and iron oxide 8) 21). Iron oxide is inexpensive and is a candidate catalyst for industrial upgrading of heavy oil with water. We previously developed a zirconia-supporting iron oxide catalyst to decompose petroleum residual oil under a steam atmosphere 8). The physical durability of the catalyst was enhanced by addition of aluminum to iron oxide 9),10). Upgrading of oil sand bitumen was investigated with iron oxide-based catalysts using suband super-critical water 17). Catalytic cracking of petroleum residual oil can be achieved with silicasupported iron oxide catalysts in supercritical water 16). Steam catalytic cracking of petroleum residual oil is possible using zirconia-impregnated macro-mesoporous red mud, which contains iron oxide and alumina 18),19). This review examines catalytic cracking of heavy oil using iron oxide-based catalysts containing zirconium and aluminum under a steam atmosphere. 2. Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil with Steam 2. 1. Oxidative Cracking of Heavy Oil Catalytic cracking of atmospheric residual oil (AR) with steam was conducted at 748 K under atmospheric pressure using a fixed-bed reactor. Figure 1 shows the schematic experimental apparatus 11). A complex metal oxide catalyst was prepared by a coprecipitation method using a water solution of iron chloride, aluminum chloride, and zirconium oxychloride. The catalyst was treated at 873 K for 1 h under a steam atmosphere and sieved to obtain particles of 300-850 μm. The molar composition of the catalyst was Zr/Fe 0.063, Al/Fe 0.13, abbreviated as Zr _ Al _ FeOx. The obtained cata-323

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Effects of H₂O Addition on Oil Sand Bitumen Cracking Using a CeO₂–ZrO₂–Al₂O₃–FeO_x Catalyst

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Upgrading of Ultra-heavy Oil with Iron-based Oxide Catalysts Using the Chemical Reaction Engineering Approach

Upgrading of Ultra-heavy Oil with Iron-based Oxide Catalysts Using the Chemical Reaction Engineering Approach

Steam catalytic cracking of coal tar over iron‐containing mixed metal oxides

Upgrading of Heavy Oil with Steam Using Iron Oxide-based Catalyst

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