Effects of Guar Gum and Cellulose on Cecal Enzyme Activity and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Young and Aged Mice

Tamura, Motoi; Hirayama, Kazuhiro; Itoh, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1159/000012768

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…This process takes place in the liver and the conjugated compounds are excreted via the bile into the intestine and when they reach the colon they are usually excreted out of the body (Tamura et al, 1999). In our study, we have observed an increase in the β-glucuronidase activity in DMH administered rats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fenugreek affects the activity of β‐glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon

Devasena

Menon

2003

Phytotherapy Research

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The effect of fenugreek seeds on the activities of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats was studied. Rats were given a weekly subcutaneous injection of DMH at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight, for 15 weeks. Fenugreek seed powder was weighed depending upon the weight of individual rats and incorporated in the powdered pellet diet at a dose of 2 g/kg body weight. After an experimental period of 30 weeks the activity of beta-glucuronidase significantly increased in the colon, intestine, liver and colon contents in DMH administered rats when compared to an untreated control group. Increase in beta-glucuronidase may increase the hydrolysis of carcinogen-glucuronide conjugate, liberating carcinogen and/or co-carcinogen within the colonic lumen. Inclusion of fenugreek seed powder in the diet significantly decreased the activity of beta-glucuronidase in all the tissues studied. This may prevent the free carcinogens from acting on colonocytes. Mucinase helps in hydrolysing the protective mucin. Mucinase activity was increased in the colon content and fecal content of animals given DMH when compared to control, while the activity was significantly reduced in animals given DMH + fenugreek when compared to animals given DMH only. Our study shows that supplementation of fenugreek seeds in the diet inhibits colon carcinogenesis, by modulating the activities of beta-glucuronidase and mucinase. The beneficial effect may be attributed to the presence of fibre, flavonoids and/or saponins.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Fenugreek affects the activity of β‐glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon

Devasena

Menon

2003

Phytotherapy Research

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“…Beta-glucosidase activity was significantly lower in the aged mice fed the GG diet than in those fed the cellulose diet. [89] GG reduced steroid concentration considerably at all sites of the large intestine, which is consistent with their stool bulking effects. Hence, multicannulated pig may serve as a useful model of man in chemoprevention studies of colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Effect On Cell Proliferationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Untitled

Upadhyay

2017

IJGP

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The present review explains nutritional, therapeutic, and pharmaceutical potential of plant gum that is commonly applied to water-soluble, non-starch polysaccharides of commerce. This article also emphasizes commercial and domestic uses of important products of gum such as chicle and jelutong mainly non-elastic gums or chewing gums. These are also used in food, pharmaceutical, paper textile, and other industries. The present review also explains various biological activities such as antidiarrheic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antiparasitic, gastrourinary, antitumor, antiparasitic, antioxidant, chemopreventive, and gastroprotective activity of plant gums. These reduce stomach inflammation, system cleansing or to settle the intestines. Other uses for mesquite gum include treatment for lice, sore throat, cough, laryngitis, fever reduction, painful gums, and hemorrhoids and it can be used as a purgative. Gum arabic is a water-soluble dietary fiber rich in Ca , and decreases plasma phosphate concentration as well as urinary excretion of phosphate and Na + . Gums are used as adhesives, crystallization inhibitors, emulsifying agents, emulsion stabilizers, encapsulating agents, film formers, foam stabilizers, suspending agents, suspension stabilizers, or syneresis inhibitors and impart other specific properties. The gum is also used to a limited extent in polishes, contact insecticides and pesticides, photographic emulsions, and pharmaceuticals. This article suggests wider use of plant gums in generation of drug delivery system for cancer and brain tumor therapy. There is no doubt that chemical constituents of plant gums can be largely used for making therapeutic drugs because of their broadspectrum biological effectiveness.

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“…Tamura et al [14] showed lower ß-glucuronidase activity in mice fed 5% cellulose diet; Mallet et al [25] reported less reductive enzymes and ß-glucosidase by intake of 10% cellulose diet, and Jacobs [26] observed a decrease of experimental colon carcinogenesis compared with guar gum diet-fed mice. However, Shiau and Chang [27] did not find significant effects on bacterial cecal activity at high dose of the same dietary fiber.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction was stopped by adding 0.5 ml (20%) trichloroacetic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid was measured by the Bratton-Marshall method [13]. Enzyme activities were expressed as nmol of transformed substrate/60 min/g cecal content [14].…”

Section: Measurement Of Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides and Cellulose on Cecal Enzyme Activities in Rats

Gudiel-Urbano

Goñi²

2002

Ann Nutr Metab

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The effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on cecal enzyme activity was studied. Adult male Wistar rats were fed a fiber-free diet supplemented with 5% cellulose, a 5% mixture (1:1) of cellulose and FOS or 5% FOS as a source of fiber for 4 weeks. The cecal content was used to measure azoreductase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, nitrate reductase and nitroreductase activities. Cellulose-fed diet increased significantly body weight gain, food intake and fecal stool weight compared to FOS-fed diet. No differences in food intake between FOS-containing diets were found. FOS-containing diets showed statistically higher weight of cecal content and weight of cecal wall compared with the cellulose group. There were significant differences in cecal enzyme activities between cellulose-fed rats and FOS-fed rats. Cellulose-FOS-fed diet decreased significantly nitroreductase, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase enzymes, but did not differ statistically in azoreductase and nitrate reductase compared with the control group. FOS-fed diet increased significantly reductive enzymes and decreased hydrolytic enzymes compared with the cellulose group. The incorporation of cellulose in diet seems to affect the prebiotic effect of FOS, since both cellulose and FOS are possible substrates for bifidobacteria proliferation. The results suggest that a mixture of cellulose and FOS as a source of dietary fiber could have a healthier effect on bacterial enzyme activities than each type of dietary fiber alone.

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Effects of Guar Gum and Cellulose on Cecal Enzyme Activity and Cecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Young and Aged Mice

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Fenugreek affects the activity of β‐glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon

Fenugreek affects the activity of β‐glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon

Untitled

Effect of Short-Chain Fructooligosaccharides and Cellulose on Cecal Enzyme Activities in Rats

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