Effects of growth hormone therapy in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency and Chiari I malformation: a retrospective study

From “ACAN” to “I CAN”: Restoring wellness in a boy with severe osteochondritis dissecans through diagnostic precision combined with optimal medical, surgical and rehabilitation management

“…In adult patients, an association between Chiari type 1 with acromegaly has been described ( Aoki et al, 2021 ); it is plausible that excess GH further contributed to posterior fossa bony hypertrophy and increased narrowing of the foramen magnum. In contrast, in a recent retrospective ( Ballard et al, 2020 ) study, no significant effect of rhGH on tonsillar herniation in patients with GH deficiency and Chiari 1 malformation were observed. As a result, it remains unclear whether rhGH contributes to the progression of Chiari malformation.…”

Mosaic Turner syndrome with improved Chiari type 1 malformation after growth hormone therapy: A case report

“…They described 20 patients with Chiari type 1 malformation and GHD, where 14 patients received GH replacement therapy and six did not. They described that none of the patients with Chiari type 1 malformation and GHD, with or without GH replacement therapy regardless of the change in Chiari type 1 malformation measurement, developed symptoms or syringomyelia, or required surgical intervention (14). Although a subsequent additional report corrected the requirement of decompression surgery in one patient, they concluded, as previously, that the presence of a Chiari type 1 malformation should not prevent initiation of GH therapy (15).…”

“…Regarding the incidence of GHD in patients with Chiari type 1 malformation, Ballard H et al (14) recently reported 4.3% of their Chiari malformation patient population (N = 456) with GHD. They described 20 patients with Chiari type 1 malformation and GHD, where 14 patients received GH replacement therapy and six did not.…”

Silver–Russell syndrome associated with type‐I Chiari malformation. A case report

“…Tubbs et al reported a 20 year old patient with Silver–Russell syndrome and tethered cord syndrome. 13 Larisa et al described a 2‐year‐old male with clinically diagnosed SRS with low conus medullaris. MRI scan in that patient showed a conus medullaris at the lower border of the L3 vertebrae and a vertebral fusion defect between L5‐S1.…”