Effects of Growth Hormone on Glucose Metabolism

Møller, Niels; Jørgensen, Jens Lohfert; Abildgård, N.; Ørskov, L.; Schmitz, O.; Christiansen, J. S.

doi:10.1159/000182185

Cited by 52 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Subjects received carbohydrates equivalent to 1.5 g. kg -1 of body weight and it seems that this amount of carbohydrates is not enough to alter the response of the pituitary and hypothalamus in the release of β-endorphin. Only one other study examined the response of β-endorphin to carbohydrate and fat meals and found similar results with this study since β-endorphin response changed in the obese but not in individuals of normal weight [5]. β-Endorphin did not increase significantly until at the exhaustion time point.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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The effects of low and high glycemic index foods on exercise performance and beta-endorphin responses

Jamurtas

Tofas

Fatouros

et al. 2011

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Τhe aim of this study was to examine the effects of the consumption of foods of various glycemic index values on performance, β-endorphin levels and substrate (fat and carbohydrate) utilization during prolonged exercise. Eight untrained healthy males underwent, in a randomized counterbalanced design, three experimental conditions under which they received carbohydrates (1.5 gr. kg-1 of body weight) of low glycemic index (LGI), high glycemic index (HGI) or placebo. Food was administered 30 min prior to exercise. Subjects cycled for 60 min at an intensity corresponding to 65% of VO2max, which was increased to 90% of VO2max, then they cycled until exhaustion and the time to exhaustion was recorded. Blood was collected prior to food consumption, 15 min prior to exercise, 0, 20, 40, and 60 min into exercise as well as at exhaustion. Blood was analyzed for β-endorphin, glucose, insulin, and lactate. The mean time to exhaustion did not differ between the three conditions (LGI = 3.2 ± 0.9 min; HGI = 2.9 ± 0.9 min; placebo = 2.7 ± 0.7 min). There was a significant interaction in glucose and insulin response (P < 0.05) with HGI exhibiting higher values before exercise. β-endorphin increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of exercise without, however, a significant interaction between the three conditions. Rate of perceived exertion, heart rate, ventilation, lactate, respiratory quotient and substrate oxidation rate did not differ between the three conditions. The present study indicates that ingestion of foods of different glycemic index 30 min prior to one hour cycling exercise does not result in significant changes in exercise performance, β-endorphin levels as well as carbohydrate and fat oxidation during exercise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…β-endorphin is one of the peptides that has been suggested to play a role in glucose metabolism at rest [4,5] and during exercise [6-9]. β-endorphin is an opioid peptide representing the C-terminal 31 amino acid residue fragment of pro-opiomelanocortin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of low and high glycemic index foods on exercise performance and beta-endorphin responses

Jamurtas

Tofas

Fatouros

et al. 2011

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…Other reports have identified the metabolic response to GH in normal and GH-deficient patients in the regulation of protein, glucose and lipid metabolism [62,63]. …”

Section: Metabolomic Markers In Patients With Ghdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Prepubertal Children: Predictive Markers of Cardiovascular Disease

Leonibus¹,

Marco²,

Stevens³

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors have been identified in adults with untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD). Existing evidence suggests that the development of the atheromatous plaque begins early in childhood. Previous reports have shown that GHD children are prone to increased CV risks including impaired cardiac function, dyslipidemia and abnormalities in body composition. Recent studies in epigenetics and metabolomics have defined specific fingerprints that might be associated with an increased risk of CV disease. Aim: The aim of this review is to point out the most significant biochemical and clinical predictive markers of CV disease in prepubertal children and to evaluate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on most of these alterations. The novel findings in epigenetics and metabolomics are also reviewed, with a particular focus on translating them into clinical practice.

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“…These hormonal changes lead to remarkable alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. GH, in particular, has a significant lipolytic effect and potentiates elevated glucose levels, which appears to counteract the effects of insulin [ 9 ]. Supplementation of GH for long periods, especially longer than 21 days, significantly reduced fat accumulation in rats [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Growth Hormone Administration Mediates Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake and De Novo Lipogenesis Gene Expression in Obese Rats

et al. 2023

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Obesity has been linked to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Obesity causes a decrease in growth hormone (GH) levels and an increase in insulin levels. Long-term GH treatment increased lipolytic activity as opposed to decreasing insulin sensitivity. Nonetheless, it is possible that short-term GH administration had no impact on insulin sensitivity. In this study, the effect of short-term GH administration on liver lipid metabolism and the effector molecules of GH and insulin receptors were investigated in diet-induced obesity (DIO) rats. Recombinant human GH (1 mg/kg) was then administered for 3 days. Livers were collected to determine the hepatic mRNA expression and protein levels involved in lipid metabolism. The expression of GH and insulin receptor effector proteins was investigated. In DIO rats, short-term GH administration significantly reduced hepatic fatty acid synthase (FASN) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mRNA expression while increasing carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) mRNA expression. Short-term GH administration reduced hepatic FAS protein levels and downregulated gene transcription of hepatic fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis, while increasing fatty acid oxidation in DIO rats. DIO rats had lower hepatic JAK2 protein levels but higher IRS-1 levels than control rats due to hyperinsulinemia. Our findings suggest that short-term GH supplementation improves liver lipid metabolism and may slow the progression of NAFLD, where GH acts as the transcriptional regulator of related genes.

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Effects of Growth Hormone on Glucose Metabolism

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

The effects of low and high glycemic index foods on exercise performance and beta-endorphin responses

The effects of low and high glycemic index foods on exercise performance and beta-endorphin responses

Growth Hormone Deficiency in Prepubertal Children: Predictive Markers of Cardiovascular Disease

Short-Term Growth Hormone Administration Mediates Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake and De Novo Lipogenesis Gene Expression in Obese Rats

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