Effects of Growth Conditions and Processing on<i>Rehmannia glutinosa</i>using Fingerprint Strategy

Chang, Wei-Chieh; Thissen, Uwe; Ehlert, Karl A.; Koek, Maud M.; Jellema, Renger H.; Hankemeier, Thomas; Greef, J. van der; Wang, Mei

doi:10.1055/s-2005-916241

Cited by 59 publications

(39 citation statements)

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“…It can be concluded that the fresh roots are rich in the larger glycosides and polysaccharides, which were hydrolyzed during the processing. In combination with our previous GC-MS study on growth conditions and processing of the Rehmanniae radix, 26) the present study of this material with 1 H-NMR, FT-MS spectrometry adds to our knowledge in depth on the range of metabolites and changes during the processing.…”

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confidence: 97%

“…This result is in accordance with the report obtained by GC-MS coupled with ASCA. 26) Besides the processing, the growth conditions influence the metabolites in plants. It was reported that for commercial agriculture of R. glutinosa, a temperature of 21-22°C is optimal.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24,25) We have reported the GC-MS analysis combined with multivariate statistics to measure the metabolite fingerprint of Rehmanniae radix from growth conditions in different processing cycles. 26) This study provided a holistic strategy on the metabolic profile changes during processing of Rehmanniae radix. To have a complete view on metabolic changes, other methods with a different coverage of molecular types and ranges are needed as well.…”

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Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots

et al. 2011

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A.D.) . 1) Depending on the therapeutic application, the same plant material can be processed differently. The processing of materials is thought to have the following functions: reduction of toxicity and side effects, to potentiate biological effects, to change properties or functions, to preserve the active constituents, to facilitate the administration, to correct an unpleasant taste or to increase its purity by reduction of contaminations such as soil.2) In current TCM practice, all the materials are strictly required to be properly processed before using for therapeutic application. Understanding the metabolic changes during processing is of great important for quality control Chinese medicinal herbal materials.Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH. (Scrophulariaceae) is one of the most popular medicinal plants whose roots used in TCM for treating of metabolic related disorders. According to the traditional uses, Rehmanniae radix has curing activity on disorders of liver and kidneys, hectic fever, night sweat and dizziness.3) It has been reported that Rehmanniae radix has a wide range of clinical activities including haemostatic, promoting blood coagulation, cardiotonic, diuretic and antiinflammatory activities.4) Hypoglycemic effects, 5,6) anti-tumor activity, 7,8) immediate type allergic reaction inhibition, 9) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) secretion inhibiting activity 3) were also found in the extracts of R. glutinosa roots.In addition, Rehmanniae radix stimulates the proliferation and activities of osteoblasts, suggesting a potential to treat osteoporosis by enhancing the metabolism. 10)There are two types of Rehmanniae radix used as medicinal herb, a non-processed (dried root) and a processed one. They are used in quite different therapeutic applications and the choice is strictly defined in TCM theory and practice. The dried, non-processed Rehmanniae radix has a "cold" property according to TCM theory. It means that Rehmanniae radix is able to cure "heat" symptoms. In the modern literature, these non-processed roots have reported to have the following major pharmacological effects such as the effects on plasma corticosterone concentration and preventing the adrenal cortex from atrophy in rabbits 11); a cardiac effect in the isolated frog heart model 12); anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in rat 12) and an hypoglycemic activity in spontaneous diabetic mice.13) However, the processed Rehmanniae radix treated by steaming and drying for several cycles (generally nine times) have a slightly "warm" property that means Rehmanniae radix is good for treatment of "cold" symptoms. The major pharmacological effect has been reported to prevent an induction of impediment in the peripheral microcirculation against various chronic diseases through the improvement of hemorheology, 14,15) Recently, three 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) derivates have been found in processed Rehmanniae radix only. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, one of three 5-HMF derivates which obtained by thermal degradation of saccharine is a...

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Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots

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“…From the result we can see that ginseng samples from different locations in China and outside China (including Chinese, American and Korean) were different and can be separated with the developed method. So in this study we want to know whether the ginseng samples cultivated in different locations of China is different and can be separated with the developed method or not, and identify the differentiate saponins accountable for such variations.Metabolomics, aims to identify and quantify the full complement of low-molecular-weight, soluble metabolites in actively metabolizing tissues (Oliver et al 1998;Fiehn 2002;Fiehn and Weckwerth 2003;Rochfort 2005), has aroused extensive awareness and interests, especially in the botanical studies such as quality control of plants (Huhman and Sumner 2002;Chang et al 2006;Holmes 2006;Eisenreich 2007;Tarachiwin et al 2007) and plant engineering (Anterola and Lewis 2002;Long et al 2006). Several methods have been developed for the analysis and differentiation of Panax samples, but the number and type of saponins detected was relatively low.…”

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Application of ultra-performance LC-TOF MS metabolite profiling techniques to the analysis of medicinal Panax herbs

Xie

Ming

et al. 2008

Metabolomics

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Abstract:The morphological appearance and some ingredients of Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Panax japonicus of the Panax genus are similar. However, their pharmacological activities are obviously different due to the significant differences in the types and quantity of saponins in each herb. In the present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) was used to profile the abundances of metabolites in the three medicinal Panax herbs. Multivariate statistical analysis technique, that is, principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to discriminate between the Panax samples. PCA of the analytical data showed a clear separation of compositions among the three medicinal herbs. The critical markers such as chikusetsusaponin IVa, ginsenoside R0, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb2 and ginsenoside Rg2 accountable for such variations were identified through the corresponding loading weights, and the tentative identification of biomarkers is completed by the accurate mass of TOFMS and high resolution and high retention time reproducibility performed by UPLC. The proposed analytical method coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is reliable to analyze a group of metabolites present in the herbal extracts and other natural products. This method can be further utilized to evaluate chemical components obtained from different plants and/or the plants of different geographical locations, thereby classifying the medicinal plant resources and potentially elucidating the mechanism of inherent phytochemical diversity. Article:INTRODUCTION It is estimated that about 65-80% of the world's population is using traditional medicine as the primary form of healthcare (Akerele 1992). Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are gaining more and more attention in many fields because of their low toxicity and good therapeutic performance. The quality and contents of herbs are highly variable depending on geographical origins, climate, cultivation, and the growth stage when harvested (Mahady et al. 2001). The profiling of natural products requires an analytical system capable of generating an information rich data set and needs to identify the compounds of interest, compare different batches of material to be compared and contrasted and isolate the compounds of interest from bulk solution. However, because of the chemical diversity of the metabolome, which for any given multicellular species comprises a mixture of thousands of compounds differing in size, polarity etc., and varying in abundance by several orders of magnitude, the need for multiparallel analytical techniques is obvious and well-accepted (Goodacre et al. 2004;Hall 2006). A number of techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) have been employed for metabolite profiling (Fiehn et al. 2000;Want et al. 2005;Fukusaki et al. 2006;Nordstrom et al...

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“…significantly modify the secondary metabolite profile in plants [5,6]. Altitude is one of the abiotic stresses and broad range of environmental factors such as precipitation, mean temperature, soil characteristics and atmospheric pressure etc.…”

Section: Advances In Biomedicine and Pharmacy (An International Journmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Variation of Phytochemical Constituents with Altitude and In vitro antimicrobial potential of two species of Ajuga L.

Gulzar¹

2017

Adv. Biomed. Pharma

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The present study was aimed to assess the variation in the phytochemical constituents with altitude and the antibacterial potency of two medicinally important species, Ajuga bracteosa and Ajuga parviflora, growing in Kashmir valley. The methanolic extracts of both the species from different populations with varying altitudes were subjected to quantitative estimation of various phytochemicals by using various spectrophotometric techniques. It was observed that mean values of the analyzed phytochemical constituents varied significantly (p≤0.05) across the populations. Phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and alkaloids were present in all the sampled populations but their quantity varied significantly across the populations. With the decrease in altitude the content of various phytochemicals gets reduced. The high altitude plants exposed to the extreme environmental conditions possess a good content of secondary metabolites altering their stress tolerance and thus enhancing their medicinal activity. The present study further revealed that the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of the two medicinal plant species under study; A. bracteosa and A. parviflora plant extracts possess potent antibacterial activity against two gram positive bacterial strains (B. subtilis, S. aureus) and two gram negative bacterial strains (E. coli, P. vulgaris). Therefore, these plants may prove as source of certain potent antibacterial molecules.

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Effects of Growth Conditions and Processing onRehmannia glutinosausing Fingerprint Strategy

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots

Traditional Processing Strongly Affects Metabolite Composition by Hydrolysis in Rehmannia glutinosa Roots

Application of ultra-performance LC-TOF MS metabolite profiling techniques to the analysis of medicinal Panax herbs

A Study on Variation of Phytochemical Constituents with Altitude and In vitro antimicrobial potential of two species of Ajuga L.

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