“…The various processing treatments of animal feeds influence the rumen fermentation characteristics of grain starch, which in turn affect animal performance. Based on a review of the available literature, the most commonly studied treatments of corn used in ruminant nutrition are grinding, dry rolling, steam rolling, and steam flaking [ 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Studies covering pelleting [ 26 , 27 ], extrusion [ 24 , 28 , 29 , 30 ], and expansion [ 31 ] are available but to a much lesser extent than the above-mentioned treatments.…”