Effects of Ground Corn Particle Size on Ethanol Yield and Thin Stillage Soluble Solids

Naidu, Kalpana; Singh, Vijay; Johnston, David B.; Rausch, Kent D.; Tumbleson, Mike E

doi:10.1094/cchem-84-1-0006

Cited by 41 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…6 EVect of mash viscosity on ethanol fermentation eYciency particles by DSC, which likely inXuenced the completeness of starch hydrolysis resulting in lower fermentation eYciency for the larger particles. Several other researchers have reported similar results: for example, ethanol yield from Wnely ground (0.5-mm sieve) corn meal was 2.2% (v/v) higher than that from coarsely ground (5-mm sieve) meal, representing a »20% gain [25]. Therefore, ethanol plants should grind the feedstock grain as Wne as possible, balanced by grinding costs and avoidance of downstream process issues.…”

Section: Particle Size Of Ground Sorghum Mealmentioning

confidence: 57%

Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for ethanol production

Wang

Bean

McLaren³

et al. 2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

145

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Sorghum is a major cereal crop in the USA. However, sorghum has been underutilized as a renewable feedstock for bioenergy. The goal of this research was to improve the bioconversion efficiency for biofuels and biobased products from processed sorghum. The main focus was to understand the relationship among "genetics-structure-function-conversion" and the key factors impacting ethanol production, as well as to develop an energy life cycle analysis model (ELCAM) to quantify and prioritize the saving potential from factors identified in this research. Genetic lines with extremely high and low ethanol fermentation efficiency and some specific attributes that may be manipulated to improve the bioconversion rate of sorghum were identified. In general, ethanol yield increased as starch content increased. However, no linear relationship between starch content and fermentation efficiency was found. Key factors affecting the ethanol fermentation efficiency of sorghum include protein digestibility, level of extractable proteins, protein and starch interaction, mash viscosity, amount of phenolic compounds, ratio of amylose to amylopectin, and formation of amylose-lipid complexes in the mash. A platform ELCAM with a base case showed a positive net energy value (NEV) = 25,500 Btu/gal EtOH. ELCAM cases were used to identify factors that most impact sorghum use. For example, a yield increase of 40 bu/ac resulted in NEV increasing from 7 million to 12 million Btu/ac. An 8% increase in starch provided an incremental 1.2 million Btu/ac.

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Section: Particle Size Of Ground Sorghum Mealmentioning

confidence: 57%

Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for ethanol production

Wang

Bean

McLaren³

et al. 2008

J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol

145

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“…Previous investigations have demonstrated that the particle size distribution had an effect on fermentation yields. Naidu et al (2007) found that final ethanol concentrations increased as the granulation of ground maize was finer. A 22% increase in ethanol concentration was observed as the grinding screen size decreased from 5 to 0.5 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detrimental effect of increasing sugar concentrations on ethanol production from maize or decorticated sorghum mashes fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Zymomonas mobilis

et al. 2010

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The efficiency of ethanol fermentation, as affected by grain source (maize and decorticated red sorghum), total sugar concentration (13 or 20° Plato) and type of microorganism (Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Zymomonas mobilis) was studied. Maize mashes yielded 0.32 l ethanol kg(-1) ground grain whereas mashes prepared with decorticated red sorghum produced 0.28 l ethanol kg(-1). Both microorganisms yielded similar amounts of ethanol. However, high-gravity mashes (20° Plato) yielded lower amounts of ethanol compared to counterparts adjusted to 13° Plato (0.28 vs. 0.22 l ethanol kg(-1) ground grains). In decorticated sorghum mashes adjusted to 20° P, Z. mobilis produced 40 ml kg(-1) more ethanol compared to S. cerevisiae. In addition, Z. mobilis had a lower dependency on nitrogenous compounds.

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“…Dien et al (2002) and VanCauwenberge et al (1982) used sequential saccharification and fermentation, methods not used in industry. Naidu et al (2007) developed a 500-g procedure for corn; a smaller scale procedure is needed that uses enzymes, yeast, and conditions similar to industry practice. Naidu et al (2007) developed a 500-g procedure for corn; a smaller scale procedure is needed that uses enzymes, yeast, and conditions similar to industry practice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Ethanol Yield Procedure for Dry‐Grind Corn Processing

Lemuz

Dien

McKinney³

et al. 2009

Cereal Chem

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Cereal Chem. 86(3):355-360In 2008, the United States produced ethanol at a rate of 39.5 billion L/year; an additional 8.5 billion L/year capacity was under construction. Kernel composition and physical properties are not correlated with ethanol yield. A procedure that measured the potential of hybrids to produce ethanol would benefit corn seed companies, corn producers, and ethanol processors. The objective was to develop a laboratory procedure to measure ethanol yield from corn samples and evaluate the developed procedure for accuracy and precision. To determine parameters for routine analyses, effects of mill type, dry solids, and yeast addition were investigated separately followed by effects of fermentation time (T f ), glucoamylase dose, and yeast addition. Measurement of ethanol using HPLC and gravimetric (change in weight due to CO 2 loss) methods were compared. Using the procedure developed, ethanol yields for five diverse hybrids (dent, waxy, white, high oil, and high amylose) were measured. Effects of mill type, dry solids, T f , glucoamylase dose, and yeast addition were significant (P < 0.05). The gravimetric method estimated higher yields (428 ± 10 L/tonne) than HPLC (405 ± 15 L/tonne) and had a higher level of precision. Both methods had coefficients of variations of <4% and gave similar conclusions. In the final procedure, we used corn (25 g/batch) liquefied with α-amylase (60 min at 90°C) in 75 mL of distilled water. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation was used (64 hr at 32°C) with glucoamylase and yeast. Gravimetric and HPLC methods measured differences in ethanol yield for the five hybrids (158-435 L/tonne). The method is suitable for routine testing of ethanol yield potential and as a reference method for verifying more rapid measurement techniques.

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Effects of Ground Corn Particle Size on Ethanol Yield and Thin Stillage Soluble Solids

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for ethanol production

Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for ethanol production

Detrimental effect of increasing sugar concentrations on ethanol production from maize or decorticated sorghum mashes fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Zymomonas mobilis

Development of an Ethanol Yield Procedure for Dry‐Grind Corn Processing

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