Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: Implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation

Abstract

The urban heat island (UHI) refers to the phenomenon of higher atmospheric 21 and surface temperatures occurring in urban areas than in the surrounding rural areas. Mitigation 22 of the UHI effects via the configuration of green spaces and sustainable design of urban 23 *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: ISPRS_Manuscript_final_R1_2013_12_20_final.docx Click here to view linked References 2 environments has become an issue of increasing concern under changing climate. In this paper, 24 the effects of the composition and configuration of green space on land surface temperatures 25 (LST) were explored using landscape metrics including percentage of landscape (PLAND), edge 26 density (ED) and patch density (PD). An oasis city of Aksu in Northwestern China was used as a 27 case study. The metrics were calculated by moving window method based on a green space map 28 derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery, and LST data were retrieved from 29 Landsat TM thermal band. Normalized mutual information measure was employed to investigate 30 the relationship between LST and the spatial pattern of green space. The results showed that 31 while the PLAND is the most important variable that elicits LST dynamics, spatial configuration 32 of green space also has significant effect on LST. Though, the highest normalized mutual 33 information measure was with the PLAND (0.71), it was found that ED and PD combination is 34 the most deterministic factors of LST than the unique effects of a single variable or the joint 35 effects of PLAND and PD or PLAND and ED. Normalized mutual information measure 36 estimations between LST and PLAND and ED, PLAND and PD and ED and PD were 0.7679, 37 0.7650 and 0.7832, respectively. A combination of the three factors PLAND, PD and ED 38 explained much of the variance of LST with a normalized mutual information measure of 39 0.8694. Results from this study can expand our understanding of the relationship between LST 40 and street trees and vegetation, and provide insights for sustainable urban planning and 41 management under changing climate. 42 43 44 Keywords-urban heat island, urban green space, landscape metrics, configuration, normalized 45 mutual information measure. 46 Remarkable proliferations of studies focusing on the relationship between LST and green space 79 composition has been reported over the last two decades (

On the effects of landscape configuration on summer diurnal temperatures in urban residential areas: application in Phoenix, AZ

“…It demonstrates that both the composition and the configuration of land covers, foremost in terms of their patterns, affect land surface temperature, especially for desert cities, such as Phoenix, AZ (Connor et al 2013;Li et al 2012;Myint, Kaplan & Li 2016;Zhang, Murray & Turner 2017;Zhou et al 2010). Increasingly, configuration in terms of land-cover shape has been shown to influence land surface temperature as well (Huang & Cadenasso 2016;Li et al 2016Li et al , 2017Maimaitiyiming et al 2014). That these direct surface-temperature While preliminary in nature and in need of expansion to larger datasets for further analysis, our study indicates that this relationship requires further examination.…”

Assessment of Land-Cover/Land-Use Change and Landscape Patterns in the Two National Nature Reserves of Ebinur Lake Watershed, Xinjiang, China

“…The landscape parameters for each LCLU type was calculated for 1972, 1998, 2007 and 2013 using the FRAGSTATS 3.3 software [13]. Landscape indices in FRAGSTATS 3.3 are quite effective for describing landscape changes and refer to both human activities and natural effects [2,17,43] (Table 2). …”

“…Land-cover and land-use (LCLU) has been a traditional and important research topic in both local and global environmental studies [1,2]. It is widely acknowledged that LCLUC is a primary cause of the current global biodiversity crisis, mostly through its effects on habitat quality.…”

An Assessment of the Knowledge and Demand of Young Residents regarding the Ecological Services of Urban Green Spaces in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

“…Urban green spaces (UGS's) are key components of the ecosystem services that clearly contribute to the improvement of quality of life, public health, landscape design, and environmental quality [1][2][3][4][5]. There are many studies that affirm the benefits of ecological services of UGS's to residents [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Some important ecological services of UGS's are the promotion of the well-being of people [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], recreational activities [20,21], the mitigation of high temperatures [6,[22][23][24], the abatement of air pollution [25], the sequestration of CO 2 and release of more O 2 [5,26], noise reduction [22], the provision of wildlife habitats [27][28][29][30], the prevention of flood and soil erosion [31], the improvement of city amenities [32,33], and an increase in property (land and house) values [34][35][36][37].…”

“…However, many of these benefits are determined by the different levels of species group, canopy cover, size, and shape of UGS's [38]. Notably, the above studies only focused on roles and benefits of UGS's to people, and there is scant research regarding perceptions and knowledge of people toward UGS's, particularly from a perspective of people living in developing countries [7,[39][40][41]. A study of perceptions and attitudes of residents toward UGS's in Guangzhou by A.Y.H.…”