Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Reduced Graphene Oxide on Poly(lactic acid) and Plasticized Poly(lactic acid):  A Comparative Study

Chieng, Buong Woei; Ibrahim, Nor Azowa; Yunus, Wan Md Zin Wan; Hussein, Mohd Zobir; Then, Yoon Yee; Loo, Yuet Ying

doi:10.3390/polym6082232

Cited by 99 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The peaks at 1450-1375 cm -1 are due to the symmetric deformation of C-H stretching in the CH3, while the peaks at 1100-950 cm -1 are attributed to C-O stretching. Similar peaks were reported for PLA films in the literature(Chieng et al, 2014;A. González & Alvarez Igarzabal, 2013;Haafiz et al, 2013).…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

Development and characterization of sugar palm starch and poly(lactic acid) bilayer films

Sanyang

Sapuan

Jawaid

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

156

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The development and characterization of environmentally friendly bilayer films from sugar palm starch (SPS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were conducted in this study. The SPS-PLA bilayer films and their individual components were characterized for their physical, mechanical, thermal and water barrier properties. Addition of 50% PLA layer onto 50% SPS layer (SPS50-PLA50) increased the tensile strength of neat SPS film from 7.74 to 13.65MPa but reduced their elongation at break from 46.66 to 15.53%. The incorporation of PLA layer significantly reduced the water vapor permeability as well as the water uptake and solubility of bilayer films which was attributed to the hydrophobic characteristic of the PLA layer. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of SPS50-PLA50 revealed lack of strong interfacial adhesion between the SPS and PLA. Overall, the incorporation of PLA layer onto SPS films enhances the suitability of SPS based films for food packaging.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

Development and characterization of sugar palm starch and poly(lactic acid) bilayer films

Sanyang

Sapuan

Jawaid

et al. 2016

Carbohydrate Polymers

156

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“…The choice of the preparation method of graphene‐based nanocomposites depends on the polarity, molecular weight, hydrophobicity, surface functionalization of graphene, and reactive groups of the polymer, graphene and solvent . As it is evident from the works referred in the last section, the 3 most popular methods of manufacturing graphene derivatives‐polymer composites are solution mixing, melt blending, and in situ polymerization . Other methods have been occasionally reported for producing graphene‐based composites such as the layer‐by‐layer technique …”

Section: Preparation Methods Of Graphene Polymer Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of incorporation of xGnP in a PLA‐PEG matrix was also evaluated by Chieng et al PLA was plasticized by PEG, then xGnP was incorporated into the PLA/PEG matrix, by melt blending. Compared with PLA/PEG blends, the resultant nanocomposites exhibited enhanced thermal stability and a significant improvement in the mechanical properties, similar to the work of Pinto et al The composites demonstrated an increase of up to 32.7 , 69.5, and 21.9 wt% in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break, respectively, only with the addition of 0.3 wt.% of xGnP …”

Section: Graphene‐based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Silva

Alves

Paiva

2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Despite the significant efforts in the synthesis of new polymers, the mechanical properties of polymer matrices can be considered modest in most cases, which limits their application in demanding areas. The isolation of graphene and evaluation of its outstanding properties, such as high thermal conductivity, superior mechanical properties, and high electronic transport, have attracted academic and industrial interest, and opened good perspectives for the integration of graphene as a filler in polymer matrices to form advanced multifunctional composites.Graphene-based nanomaterials have prompted the development of flexible nanocomposites for emerging applications that require superior mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and chemical performance. These multifunctional nanocomposites may be tailored to synergistically combine the characteristics of both components if proper structural and interfacial organization is achieved. The investigations carried out in this aim have combined graphene with different polymers, leading to a variety of graphene-based nanocomposites. The extensive research on graphene and its functionalization, as well as polymer graphene composites, aiming at applications in the biomedical field, are reviewed in this paper. An overview of the polymer matrices adequate for the biomedical area and the production techniques of graphene composites is presented. Finally, the applications of such nanocomposites in the biomedical field, particularly in drug delivery, wound healing, and biosensing, are discussed. KEYWORDS biomedical applications, graphene, polymer nanocomposites 1 | INTRODUCTION Polymer nanocomposites are multiphase solid materials formed by 1 or more polymer matrices and nanometric reinforcing phases having 1, 2, or 3 dimensions below 100 nm. 1 Commonly, composite materials involve polymer matrices due to their ease of processing and shaping, and because they present reasonable mechanical properties and allow to control surface and interfacial chemistry. Typical fillers encompass fibers, filaments, flakes, or other particles with high stiffness, or specific properties such as electrical or thermal conductivity, in order to overcome the polymer matrix weaknesses. 2-4 The recent use of nanoscale fillers takes advantage of their large specific area, enhancing the interface between filler and matrix, and reaching superior composite properties at low reinforcement loads. The principle of the fabrication of composite materials is to synergistically combine the strengths of various components and optimize the primary mechanical properties. 2 Thus, the obtained polymer nanocomposites are expected to reach substantial property enhancement, with significant improvement of strength and other specific functional properties (eg, thermal or electrical conductivity), 2,5,6 as well as controlled interfacial interactions. 7Carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon black, exfoliated graphite, carbon nanotubes) have been frequently used in the preparation of polymer composites as reinforcement. The isolati...

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“…For the same scaffold type, the PLLA/C-HAP scaffold possessed a higher tensile strength and modulus than the PLLA/HAP scaffolds, and this was mainly due to the better dispersion states and effective interfacial bonding. Apart from improving the biological properties, the ceramic phase was added in an attempt to also improve the mechanical properties of scaffold [29][30][31]. However, aggregates would hinder the reinforcing effects contributing to uneven stress transfer [32].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphonic Acid Coupling Agent Modification of HAP Nanoparticles: Interfacial Effects in PLLA/HAP Bone Scaffold

Shuai

Yang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In order to improve the interfacial bonding between hydroxyapatite (HAP) and poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA), 2-Carboxyethylphosphonic acid (CEPA), a phosphonic acid coupling agent, was introduced to modify HAP nanoparticles. After this. the PLLA scaffold containing CEPA-modified HAP (C-HAP) was fabricated by selective laser sintering (frittage). The specific mechanism of interfacial bonding was that the PO32− of CEPA formed an electrovalent bond with the Ca2+ of HAP on one hand, and on the other hand, the –COOH of CEPA formed an ester bond with the –OH of PLLA via an esterification reaction. The results showed that C-HAP was homogeneously dispersed in the PLLA matrix and that it exhibited interconnected morphology pulled out from the PLLA matrix due to the enhanced interfacial bonding. As a result, the tensile strength and modulus of the scaffold with 20% C-HAP increased by 1.40 and 2.79 times compared to that of the scaffold with HAP, respectively. In addition, the scaffold could attract Ca2+ in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution by the phosphonic acid group to induce apatite layer formation and also release Ca2+ and PO43− by degradation to facilitate cell attachment, growth and proliferation.

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Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Reduced Graphene Oxide on Poly(lactic acid) and Plasticized Poly(lactic acid): A Comparative Study

Cited by 99 publications

References 30 publications

Development and characterization of sugar palm starch and poly(lactic acid) bilayer films

Development and characterization of sugar palm starch and poly(lactic acid) bilayer films

Graphene‐polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications

Phosphonic Acid Coupling Agent Modification of HAP Nanoparticles: Interfacial Effects in PLLA/HAP Bone Scaffold

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