Effects of graphene nanoparticles with organic wood particles: A synergistic effect on the structural, physical, thermal, and mechanical behavior of hybrid composites

Abstract

Development of sustainable and lighter‐weight materials with low or zero carbon footprint is the major research field in 21st century. The current research has been focused on the development of hybrid composite materials from organic wood particles and graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) along with epoxy resin as matrix material. A constant 5% weight percentage of wood particles has been maintained, while GNPs weight percentages have been varied from 0% to 1% by weight with an equal interval of 0.25. The effects of GNPs addition on wood particle reinforced epoxy composite have been examined by performing different structural, physical, mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical testings. The addition of GNPs up to 0.75% resulted in the increment of 28% hardness, 42.04% tensile strength, 34.24% flexural strength, 22.47% impact strength, and 16.3% fracture toughness, and 129.61% conductivity compared with wood composites (GPC‐0.0). Similar observations have been observed for dynamic mechanical analysis where, the GPC‐0.75 composites recorded maximum storage modulus (2.54 GPa), viscous modulus (0.27 GPa), and glass transition temperature (97°C). Further increments of graphene percentage (GPC‐1.0) resulted in agglomeration between particles and revealed decrements properties. The structural analysis of wood particles and GNPs have been examined with X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The developed composites showed better interfacial bonds between matrix and reinforcements that reduce the void and moisture contents as well as improved the fracture behavior. Therefore, these filter‐hybrid composites may be used for energy harvesting, solar cells, electronic gadgets, sensor, and heating equipment.

Degradation of biobased poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) and polyglycolide acid blends under lipase conditions

“…After that, the drastic fall of around 50% weight occurs in the second stage when the temperature remains between 380°C and 430°C due to the degradation of PEF/PGA blends. Final stage, the left‐over substances showed the weight to fall nearby 10%–14% up to the finishing temperature of 550°C due to the carbonization and phase transformation of the materials 34–36 . Furthermore, it was also noted that both the T d,5% and T d,max of the blends decreased after PGA was introduced into the PEF matrix, this is mainly due to the fact that the PGA molecular chain has numerous carbonyl groups, resulting in relatively poor thermal stability of PEF/PGA blends compared with neat PEF.…”

“…This will lead to the formation of more amorphous regions in the blend, and the amorphous region structure is looser than the crystal region, thus increasing the water absorption of the blend. The other is that the agglomeration and inefficient bonding between PEF matrix and PGA reinforcement, which formed micro‐level gap that acts as capillary action and caused higher water absorption 33,35,40 . However, the calculation of the theoretical water absorption is only determined by the composition of the two homopolymers, ignoring the change of the condensed state structure of the blended material.…”

“…Final stage, the leftover substances showed the weight to fall nearby 10%-14% up to the finishing temperature of 550 C due to the carbonization and phase transformation of the materials. [34][35][36] Furthermore, it was also noted that both the T d,5% and T d,max of the blends decreased after PGA was introduced into the PEF matrix, this is mainly due to the fact that the PGA molecular chain has numerous carbonyl groups, resulting in relatively poor thermal stability of PEF/PGA blends compared with neat PEF. However, all the blends showed the T d,5% ranging from 310 C to 340 C and the T d,max ranging from 385 C to 410 C. Based on the above results, it indicated that those blends possess excellent thermal stability, and PEF/PGA blends can be processed safely without thermal degradation below 300 C.…”

“…The other is that the agglomeration and inefficient bonding between PEF matrix and PGA reinforcement, which formed micro-level gap that acts as capillary action and caused higher water absorption. 33,35,40 However, the calculation of the theoretical water absorption is only determined by the composition of the two homopolymers, ignoring the change of the condensed state structure of the blended material. Therefore, the experimental water absorption of the PEF/PGA blend is higher than the theoretical water absorption.…”

Influence of Strong Shear Field on Structure and Performance of HDPE/PA6 In Situ Microfibril Composites

“…In order to investigate the ability to resist the localized plastic deformation of the material, the surface hardness of the material was tested [ 45 ]. The results are shown in Figure 10 d. As can be seen from the figure, CIM has the lowest surface hardness of 62.…”