Effects of grape seed extract on properties of type I collagen scaffolds

Abstract

To obtain a material with potential for use in tissue engineering, anionic collagen was obtained from porcine serosa (S) and bovine tendon (T) by alkaline hydrolysis for 72h. Part of this collagen was mixed with water to obtain 4 % (weight/weight) collagen suspension and part was solubilized in acetic acid pH 3.5 to obtain 1.5% (w/w) gel. The suspensions were mixed with their respective gels (2:1) (suspension: gel) and grape seed extract, whose main product is proanthocyanidin, was added at concentrations of 0.03% and 0.5%, thus obtaining the scaffolds SC (serosa collagen suspension and gel), TC (tendon collagen suspension and gel), SCP003 (SC with 0.03% extract), TCP003 (TC with 0.03% extract), SCP05 (SC with 0.5% extract added) and TCP05 (TC with 0.5% extract). The materials were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and characterized by phosphate buffered saline absorption assay and in vitro biological stability assay. By DSC it is observed that the addition of 0.5% of extract increases the denaturation temperature (Td) of collagen, indicating that at this concentration the extract acts as polymer crosslinking agent. SEM shows disorganized cross-section pores in all scaffolds, not exceeding 130 μm. Absorption and degradation assays indicated that the addition of 0.5% extract increases the absorption of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) by the scaffolds and decreases the degradation percentage by collagenase. These results suggests that the scaffolds can be used for different applications, e.g. as hemostatic agent.

Incorporation of grape seed extract towards wound care product development

“…In another study, to obtain a material with potential for use in tissue engineering, a scaffold of anionic collagen from porcine serosa and bovine tendon and grape seed extract was synthesised. Using differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and phosphate-buffered saline absorption assay, it was reported that GSE extract increases absorption capacity and decreases the collagen degradation percentage by collagenase (Garcia et al 2019). This would be a boon for collagen-based skin tissue substitutes or for synthesis of hemostatic scaffolds.…”

Plant based cross-linkers for tissue engineering applications

“…Further, Galla chensis and tea extracts were used for cross-linking of gelatin. [136][137][138][139] Inclusion of these extracts improved the denaturation temperature of matrix materials collagen and gelatin employed for scaffold preparation as proven by DSC analysis also augmenting their physical strength as compared to synthetic crosslinkers like glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde. Further, to improve exploration of plant extracts in tissue engineering applications, in depth investigations related to their safety and efficacy with respect to different cell lines needs to be evaluated.…”