Effects of grape pomace and seed polyphenol extracts on the recovery of gut microbiota after antibiotic treatment in high‐fat diet‐fed mice

Lü, Feng; Liu, Fengjiao; Zhou, Qian; Hu, Xiaosong; Zhang, Yan

doi:10.1002/fsn3.1141

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Taken together, the improvement of FO intervention on AS may be due to the rectification of gut dysbiosis. In order to determine the crucial role of gut microbiota in the effectiveness of FO on the development of AS, as previously described ( 28 ), the AB cocktails were used to eliminate the effect of gut microbiota in ApoE −/− mice. After 3 weeks of AB cocktails, gut microflora was found with difficulty by 16S rRNA sequencing, demonstrating that mimic germ-free mice were successfully established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HFD was prepared by the company in advance and was stored at 4 • C. After 12 weeks of FO treatment, we fasted the mice for 12 h, and then euthanized them for further analysis. In the second phase, according to previous reports (28), after 3 weeks of antibiotic (AB) cocktail (0.5 g/L vancomycin, 1 g/L neomycin sulfate, 1 g/L metronidazole, and 1 g/L ampicillin), the ABtreated male ApoE −/− mice (n = 24) were randomly divided into two groups (12 animals/group): MOD group (AB/MOD) and MOD-treated with FO group (AB/FO). After 12 weeks of HFD feeding, the mice were fasted for 12 h and then euthanized for further studies in consistence with the initial period of this study.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis via Gut Microbiota-Inflammation-Artery Axis in ApoE−/− Mice

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is closely associated with abnormally chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Flaxseed oil (FO) rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are mainly composed of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 omega-3), has been demonstrated to exhibit pleiotropic benefits in chronic metabolic diseases. However, the impact of dietary ALA-rich FO on AS and its associated underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, the present study was designed as two phases to investigate the effects in atherosclerotic Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)−/− mice. In the initial portion, the ApoE−/− mice were randomly allocated to three groups: control group (CON), model group (MOD), and FO-fed model group (MOD/FO) and were treated for 12 weeks. The second phase used antibiotic (AB)-treated ApoE−/− mice were divided into two groups: AB-treated model group (AB/MOD) and FO-fed AB-treated model group (AB/FO). In the results, the dietary ALA-rich FO administration ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion, as well as the parameters of AS (body weights (BWs) and the total bile acids (TBA). Chronic systemic/vascular inflammatory cytokines and in situ macrophages (Mψs) were reduced with FO intervention. In addition, the FO improved the gut integrity and permeability by decreasing the plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, gut dysbiosis and metabolites [short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs)] in AS were modulated after FO treatment. Intriguingly, during an AB-treated condition, a significantly weakened amelioration of FO-treated on AS proposed that the intestinal microbiota contributed to the FO effects. A correlation analysis showed close relationships among gut bacteria, metabolites, and inflammation. Collectively, these results suggested that the dietary ALA-rich FO ameliorated the AS in ApoE−/− mice via the gut microbiota-inflammation-artery axis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis via Gut Microbiota-Inflammation-Artery Axis in ApoE−/− Mice

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…In another study, antibiotic therapy has been shown to alleviate glucose intolerance, inflammation and liver steatosis caused by HFd, along with reduced liver lipogenesis and increased heat production in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (43). The diversity of intestinal flora in HFd mice and mice treated with antibiotics in their drinking water was significantly reduced, altering the function of the flora in the host (79).…”

Section: Approaches and Rationale For The Use Of Fecal Microbiota Tramentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In a cohort study using FMT from patients to germ-free mice ( 78 ), it was observed that, compared with healthy controls, microbial richness and diversity were markedly decreased, and that the Prevotella genus dominated the gut enterotype, whereas reduced numbers of Prevotella bacteria were associated with a healthy status, and overgrowth of bacteria such as Prevotella and Klebsiella was observed in metagenomic and metabolomic analyses ( 79 ). A number of microbial CVD-specific biomarkers have been identified, and fecal microbiome-targeted strategies are currently considered as a powerful tool for early diagnosis and treatment of different diseases.…”

Section: Treatment Of Cvds Based On Intestinal Microflora and Theimentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review)

et al. 2020

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cardiovascular diseases (cVds), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction and diabetic heart disease, are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and may also induce multiple organ failure in their later stages, greatly reducing the long-term survival of the patients. There are several causes of cVds, but after nearly a decade of investigation, researchers have found that cVds are usually accompanied by an imbalance of gut microbiota and a decreased abundance of flora. More importantly, the metabolites produced by intestinal flora, such as trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and aromatic amino acids, exert different effects on the occurrence and development of cVds, as observed in the relevant pathways in the cells, which may either promote or protect against CVD occurrence. It is known that changes in the intestinal flora following antibiotic administration, diet supplementation with probiotics, or exercise, can interfere with the composition of the intestinal flora and may represent an effective approach to preventing or treating cVds. The focus of this review was the analysis of gut microbiota metabolites to elucidate their effects on CVDs and to identify the most cost-effective and beneficial methods for treating cVds with minimal side effects.

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“…Antibiotics are widely used in clinical setting to treat infectious diseases, although they have been found to alter the gut microbiota and increase the risk of many metabolic diseases. A study revealed that grape seed polyphenol extract had a positive influence on the recovery of gut microbiota after treatment with an antibiotic cocktail in high-fat-diet-fed mice [ 52 ]. In brief, grape exhibited a potent ability to modulate the gut microbiota, and polyphenols were found to play an important role in this ability.…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Grapementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Grape

Zhou

Xiong

et al. 2022

Foods

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Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. It contains various bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes, the contents of which could vary considerably in grape skin, pulp and seed. Many studies have revealed that grape possesses a variety of health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gut-microbiota-modulating, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Grape is eaten as fresh fruit and is also used as raw material to produce various products, such as wine, grape juice and raisins. Moreover, the byproducts of grape, such as grape pomace and grape seed, have many applications in the food industry. In this paper, the bioactive compounds in grape are briefly summarized based on literature published in recent years. In addition, the health benefits of grape and its bioactive components are discussed, with special attention paid to the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the applications of grape in the food industry are elucidated, especially the applications of grape pomace and grape seed. This paper can contribute to understanding the health benefits and mechanisms of grape and its bioactive compounds, as well as the promotion of the use of grape in the food industry.

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Effects of grape pomace and seed polyphenol extracts on the recovery of gut microbiota after antibiotic treatment in high‐fat diet‐fed mice

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis via Gut Microbiota-Inflammation-Artery Axis in ApoE−/− Mice

Dietary α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Flaxseed Oil Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis via Gut Microbiota-Inflammation-Artery Axis in ApoE−/− Mice

Gut microbiota metabolites as integral mediators in cardiovascular diseases (Review)

Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Grape

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