Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-2, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-6 on the production of immunoreactive IL-1 and TNF-α by human monocytes

Abstract

SUMMARYThe effects of GM-CSF, IL-2, IFN-y. TNF-a and IL-6 on the production of IL-I (both secreted and cell associated) and TNF-a by peripheral blood monocytes were studied. Monocytes were cultured for 20 h in suspension and in serum-free conditions which minimized background stimulation of monokine production. GM-CSF. IL-2 and TNF-a directly induced the production of cell-associated IL-1 but liUlcornoIL-l or TNF-a secretion. Combination of GM-CSF with !FN-y. IL-2 or TNF-a synergistically enhanced IL-1 secretion and had an additive eflect on cell-associated IL-1 production. Combination of IL-2 with IFN-7 or TNF-a also synergistically enhanced IL-I secretion but theefiect on cell-associated IL-I production was less than additive. GM-CSF synergistically enhaneed TNF-a secretion induced by IFN-y but not by lipopolysaccharide. GM-CSF did not enhanee TNF-a secretion induced by IL-2 or TNF-a. In contrast. IL-2 syncrgisticatly enhanced TNF-a seeretion induced by IFN--/. These results are discussed in relation lo cytokine involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Proinflammatory Response of Human Osteoblastic Cell Lines and Osteoblast-Monocyte Interaction upon Infection withBrucellaspp

“…In our experiments, the stimulation produced by Brucella on TNF-␣ secretion by macrophages was indirect and likely to be mediated by soluble factors produced by Brucella-infected osteoblasts. Several soluble cellular factors, including GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-2, gamma interferon, and IL-12, have been reported to stimulate, alone or in combination, the secretion of TNF-␣ and/or IL-1␤ by monocytes (9,21,24). Among these factors, GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-12 have been reported to be secreted by human osteoblasts in response to infection (2,3).…”

“…GM-CSF has been shown to stimulate TNF-␣ secretion by monocytes and has also been reported to be secreted by human osteoblasts in response to infection (3,9). To determine whether GM-CSF is involved in the ability of CSBIO to induce TNF-␣ secretion by monocytes, GM-CSF levels in CSBIO were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.…”

Cucurbitacin E suppresses cytokine expression in human Jurkat T cells through down-regulating the NF-κB signaling

“…As a pleiotropic cytokine, IL-2 acts through its high-affinity IL-2R to increase the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and B cells [21][22][23]. Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α can augment inflammatory responses by acting on many immune and non-immune cells as well as by stimulating the secretion of other pro-inflammatory cytokines [24,25]. Besides, IFN-γ can promote both the innate and adaptive immune responses against tumor cells and a variety of infectious agents [26,27]; it is also critical in the development of inflammatory diseases [27].…”

Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor- and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Matrix Metalloproteinase Production by Human Osteoblasts and Monocytes after Infection withBrucella abortus

“…Since GM-CSF has been shown to stimulate TNF-␣ and IL-1␤ secretion by monocytes (6,10,11), and these cytokines have been shown to stimulate MMP-9 secretion by monocytes (27,35), we evaluated whether the stimulating effect of osteoblast-derived GM-CSF on MMP-9 production by monocytes is mediated by the induction of TNF-␣ and/or IL-1␤ in the later cells.…”