Effects of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in the Engineering Behaviour of Stabilized Soft Soil

Yadu, Laxmikant; Tripathi, Ramesh Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.019

Cited by 109 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For example, the plasticity index decreased from 17% without slag to 13% with 9% slag. Yadu and Tripathi [6] also reported a reduction in swelling pressure from 42 kPa without slag to 34 kPa with 9% slag. Even with the addition of 6% slag, there was an increase in the UCS value from 118 kPa to 155 kPa, and the same trend was observed for the CBR test results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Use of slag (with cement) for improving the performance of expansive soil of road pavement subgrade

Putra

Shahin

2019

MATEC Web Conf.

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The study presented in this paper evaluates the suitability of using slag (with cement) as a stabilizer, for improving the performance of expansive subgrade soil in road pavement. Several laboratory tests were conducted to determine the geotechnical engineering characteristics of the expansive soil and associated mechanical engineering performance. The tests conducted include the particle size distribution, standard Proctor compaction, Atterberg’s limits, free swelling, permeability, California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and repeated load triaxial (RLT). In this study, the use of slag (with cement) as a stabilizer followed three proportion schemes, and the selection of a specific stabilizer proportion was determined based on UCS value that satisfies the required standard as a subgrade for road pavement. The results recommended a stabilizer proportion for the soil studied to be 13.5% slag + 1.5% cement at 28 days curing time. This mixture resulted in a remarkable increase in the UCS value of eight times higher than the UCS value of the non-stabilized soil. The CBR value of the mixture was four times higher than the minimum required value for design of road pavement. The study presented herein confirmed that the exploitation of the by-product material of slag can indeed be useful, both in terms of improving the performance of the subgrade soil for road pavement and sparing the environment a spread of significant potential pollutant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…This bond will withstand the pressure of expansive particles if the soil is exposed to water. Yadu and Tripathi [6] mixed one type of slag, GGBFS, with variations in proportions of 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of the weight of soft soil. This soft soil is classified as clay with the silt of intermediate compressibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of slag (with cement) for improving the performance of expansive soil of road pavement subgrade

Putra

Shahin

2019

MATEC Web Conf.

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“…However, with the same content of NP as an additive the PI of the RS decreases from 23.8% to only 18.9 and 18.4% after curing for 1 and 30 days, respectively. For the same class soil, Yadu and Tripathi [30] and Sivrikaya et al [27] reported that the PI decreases from 17 and 9% to 13 and 4% for the addition of 12% and 20% of granulated blast furnace slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag-A, respectively. Similar trends were observed by Eberemu [31] and Rahman [5] where they have used bagasse ash and rice husk ash respectively.…”

Section: Variation Of the Plasticity Index In The Absence Of Caso 4 mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Calcium Sulphate on the Geotechnical Properties of Stabilized Clayey Soils

Gadouri

Harichane

Ghrici

2016

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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An experimental investigation was undertaken to study the effect of calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) on the behaviour of the grey clay (GS) and red clay (RS) soils stabilized with lime (L), natural pozzolana (NP) and their combination (L-NP Keywords Clayey soil, lime (L), natural pozzolana (NP), calcium sulphate, plasticity index (PI), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) IntroductionCivil engineering projects located in areas with inappropriate soils is one of the most frequent problems in the world. Soil stabilization technique has been practiced for several years with the main aim to render the soils capable of meeting the requirements of the specific engineering projects [1]. Hydraulic binders (cement and L) were used as stabilizers in various civil engineering fields. Soils stabilization is a technique that requires the use of hydraulic binders alone or in combination with other mineral additives such as fly ash. Extensive studies have been carried out to study the different effects produced by the use of cement alone or in combination with L [2-4], rice husk ash, [5][6][7] and fly ash [8, 9] on physico-mechanical properties of soils.In the absence of sulphates, the reduction in the repulsion forces between the clay particles (due to the L addition) creates a bond between them and forms flocks. This change caused by L reduces the plasticity index and the maximum dry density of the stabilized soil but increases their optimum moisture content [10]. At the later stage, the increase in the concentration of hydroxyl (OH -) from L raises the pH of the soil, and causes the dissolution of alumina and silica which interact with calcium ions to form cementing products such as calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) and calcium aluminate hydrates (CAH). The formation of these compounds is responsible on the increase in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of the stabilized soil [11] and their shear strength values [12].However, in the presence of sulphates, the sulphate ions react with calcium, hydroxyl and aluminium compounds to form expansive phases such as ettringite. Furthermore, the magnitude of damage caused by the ettringite depends on the soil nature, the type and the content of additives [3] and the concentration and the type of cation associated with the sulphate anion [13]. Indeed, the effects caused by the presence of different types of sulphates on the geotechnical properties of soils stabilized with additives have been investigated by several researchers [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].

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“…e strength of lime-solidified soft clay increases slowly, and the time spent waiting delays construction and incurs additional costs. In addition, the production and use of these chemical additives produces different amounts of pollution [11]. For all these reasons, choosing a better method for strengthening soft clay is desirable and important for decreasing the nonproductive use of land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial‐Induced Carbonate Precipitation for Strengthening Soft Clay

Xiao

Wei

Cai

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Currently, calcite produced in sediments by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) is mainly used as a strengthening binder in sand because sands are porous and have good permeability. Conventional wisdom does not consider MICP to be suitable for use in soft clay because of the clay particles’ small size and its minimal porosity. Because of the clay’s high water content and complex chemical composition, very little research has been done and not much is known about the use of MICP in soft clay for strength enhancement. For this paper, soft clay specimens were prepared by mixing a solution containing Sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, solutions with different concentrations of nutrient salts, and soft clay. Unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on these specimens after they had cured for 28 days in a moisture-controlled environment. These laboratory tests were used to study the chemical reactions, the clay’s strength, and other influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) directly mixing a S. pasteurii solution, nutrient salts, and soft clay considerably improves the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the bacteria and the nutrients in the soft clay. Directly mixing these constituents promotes the formation of calcium carbonate and greatly simplifies soft clay sample preparation. (2) It is feasible to use MICP to increase the strength of soft clay. Compared to control specimens cured under the same conditions but without introduced nutrients and bacteria solution, the unconfined compressive strength of MICP-treated specimens can be increased by as much as 2.42 times to an unconfined compressive strength of 43.31 kPa. The water content in MICP-treated specimens was significantly reduced by the MICP reactions and in one case decreased from 40% to 30.73%. (3) The strength enhancement of microbially solidified soft clay is the result of two processes: urea hydration catalyzed by enzymes consumes water in the clay and the bacterially precipitated calcite forms in the sediment’s pores. (4) The micro-organism-produced calcite in the soft clay increases the calcite abundance from 0% to as much as 3.5%. (5) The MICP-treated strength of soft clay varies with the concentration of the nutrients provided. For the experimental conditions used for this paper, the optimum concentration of the CaCl2·2H2O and CH4N2O nutrients is 0.5 mol/L.

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Effects of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag in the Engineering Behaviour of Stabilized Soft Soil

Cited by 109 publications

References 5 publications

Use of slag (with cement) for improving the performance of expansive soil of road pavement subgrade

Use of slag (with cement) for improving the performance of expansive soil of road pavement subgrade

Effect of Calcium Sulphate on the Geotechnical Properties of Stabilized Clayey Soils

Microbial‐Induced Carbonate Precipitation for Strengthening Soft Clay

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