Effects of graduated compression stockings, local vibration and their combination on popliteal venous blood velocity

Espeit, Loïc; Lapole, Thomas

doi:10.1177/0268355520902000

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 57 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Our measurements revealed a fluid flow of 2.1 ml/min, consistent with the blood flow in veins of similar diameter, and considerably higher than the normal tear drainage of 0.05 ml/min found using the saline drop test. 31,32 Further questions arise as it was claimed in these articles that the lacrimal sac measured >15 mm vertically, with 7.08 ± 0.76 mm of the lumen located above the common canaliculus. These measurements should be compared to a total vertical length of 11.35 mm, with 2.79 ± 1.02 mm above the common canaliculus, found in anatomical studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Evidence Concerning Lacrimal Sac Movement Using Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound Examinations of Lacrimal Drainage Systems

Bohman

Berggren

Bunke

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Purpose: Current hypothesis regarding the mechanism of active tear drainage is based on studies performed ex vivo or under nonphysiological conditions. Novel ultra-high-frequency ultrasound has the advantage of generating images with superior resolution, enabling measurements of low flow in small vessels, and the tracking of tissue motion in real time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the lacrimal drainage system and active drainage using this modality. Methods: The upper lacrimal drainage system was investigated with 40–70 MHz ultrasound in 22 eyes in 13 patients. Irrigation confirmed a lacrimal obstruction in 10 eyes. Motion tracking was used to map movement of the lateral lacrimal sac wall and to measure flow when possible. Results: The anatomy of the upper lacrimal drainage system was mapped in vivo, including the proximal canaliculi, which have not previously been imaged. The lacrimal sac lumen is slit shaped in its resting state but is distended when irrigated or if a nasolacrimal duct obstruction is present. Thus, the healthy lacrimal sac is not a cavity, and the medial retinaculum does not act against a stretched structure. Motion tracking visualized the “lacrimal pump,” showing that the direction of motion of the lateral lacrimal sac wall is mainly in the sagittal plane during blinking. Conclusions: Ultra-high-frequency ultrasound allows detailed physiological monitoring of the upper lacrimal drainage system in vivo. Our findings suggest that current theories of active tear drainage need to be reappraised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Evidence Concerning Lacrimal Sac Movement Using Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound Examinations of Lacrimal Drainage Systems

Bohman

Berggren

Bunke

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Biomedical therapeutic compression textiles: Physical-mechanical property analysis to precise pressure management

Shi,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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The impact of graduated compression stockings on calf-vein deformation and blood velocity in patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty

Zhuang

Wang

Yao

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Objectives This study was designed to explore venous deformation of the lower extremities and the changes in venous hemodynamics in supine position before and after wearing graduated elastic stockings in patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Method The leg veins of 21 elderly patients awaiting TKA were imaged in the supine position with and without knee-length graduated compression stockings (GCS) according to a fixed protocol. Measured parameters including the lateromedial (LM) diameter, anteroposterior (AP) diameter, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the great saphenous vein (GSV), gastrocnemius vein (GV), soleus vein (SV), posterior tibial vein (PTV), fibular vein (FV), and anterior tibial vein (ATV). In addition, the mean and maximum velocities of the popliteal vein (PV) and superficial femoral vein (FSV) were measured. Results GCS-related compression was observed for all the measured veins. Maximal reduction was observed for the GV and SV, whereas the GSV exhibited the lowest degree of GCS-related compression. The mean cross-sectional area reduction values associated with GCS were 33.1 ± 41.2 % for the GSV, 94.8 ± 11.1 % for the GV, and 85.6 ± 20.3 % for the SV, while the mean reduction of anteroposterior diameter was 18.1 ± 34.5 % for the GSV, 89.0 ± 22.5 % for the GV, and 72.9 ± 35.1 % for the SV, and the mean reduction of the lateromedial diameter was 25.9 ± 36.4 % for the GSV, 89.6 ± 19.6 % for the GV, 78.2 ± 28.3 % for the SV. No significant GCS-related changes in blood velocity in the superficial femoral veins or popliteal veins were detected. Conclusions For elderly patients awaiting TKA, knee-length GCS can significantly reduce calf vein dilation while at rest in the supine position, with the greatest reductions being observed for the soleus and gastrocnemius veins. These data might help provide a theoretical basis for the GCS in reducing incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing TKA.

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Effects of graduated compression stockings, local vibration and their combination on popliteal venous blood velocity

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Novel Evidence Concerning Lacrimal Sac Movement Using Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound Examinations of Lacrimal Drainage Systems

Novel Evidence Concerning Lacrimal Sac Movement Using Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound Examinations of Lacrimal Drainage Systems

Biomedical therapeutic compression textiles: Physical-mechanical property analysis to precise pressure management

The impact of graduated compression stockings on calf-vein deformation and blood velocity in patients awaiting total knee arthroplasty

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