Effects of gold nanoparticles combined with human β-defensin 3 on the alveolar bone loss of periodontitis in rat

Abstract

Background Nanomaterials of biomedicine and tissue engineering have been proposed for the treatment of periodontitis in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) combined with human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) on the repair of the alveolar bones of experimental periodontitis in rats. Methods A model of experimental periodontitis was established by ligation of the maxillary second molars with silk thread in rats, which were treated with or without AuNPs combined with hBD3. Micro‐computerized tomography (micro-CT) scanning, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histological and immunohistochemical staining, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), were used to analyze the samples. Results Micro-CT demonstrated that the alveolar bone resorption was significantly reduced after the treatment with AuNPs combined with hBD3. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased markedly compared with the ligation group. H&E and Masson staining showed that AuNPs combined with hBD3 group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen fibrosis and fracture, but higher calcification in the new bone tissue. Moreover, the administration of AuNPs combined with hBD3 increased the expression levels of ALP and OPG (related to bone formation) while decreasing the expression levels of TRAP and RANKL (related to bone resorption) expression. Conclusions AuNPs combined with hBD3 had a protective effect on the progression of experimental periodontitis in rats and played a certain role in suppressing osteoclastogenesis and alleviating the inflammatory destruction of periodontitis along with the promotion of bone repair.

Gold nanoparticles: promising biomaterials for osteogenic/adipogenic regulation in bone repair

“…45 In addition, the influence of hBD3-combined AuNPs in vivo was clarified as well. 94 The AuNPs combined with hBD3 treatment significantly reduced the alveolar bone resorption of experimental periodontitis in rats and led to higher calcification in the new bone tissue, thus promoting bone repair in vivo . Hence, conjugated AuNPs were proven to alleviate bone loss and improve bone constructure in mice and rats.…”

Nel-like Molecule Type 1 Combined with Gold Nanoparticles Modulates Macrophage Polarization, Osteoclastogenesis, and Oral Microbiota in Periodontitis

“…EDTA was renewed every 3–4 days. The sections were subsequently stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome, and TRAP stains as described in previous studies to evaluate bone resorption, osteoclastic activity, and tissue destruction. , The collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament (above the alveolar bone between adjacent teeth) were assessed and analyzed with ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, USA) through IHC Toolbox plugin to measure the volume fraction. The TRAP-staining images were utilized for the counting and analysis of osteoclasts on the surface of the alveolar bone.…”

“…Rats were labeled with ear labels, and the numbers of each group were randomly arranged using a computer. Ligature-induced periodontitis was induced as described previously. , According to previous literature studies, ,,, Nell-1 and AuNPs dissolved in 0.9% NaCl solution (50 μL) at working concentrations of 2 μg/mL and 10 μM, respectively, were employed for the experiment. To exclude any impact of tissue destruction caused by mechanical trauma, threads were tied around the teeth in the Ctrl group and quickly removed once threads were put in place.…”

Addressing Antimicrobial Properties in Guided Tissue/Bone Regeneration Membrane: Enhancing Effectiveness in Periodontitis Treatment

“…90 In a rat model of experimental periodontitis, AuNPs combined with human β-defensin 3 (hBD3) were found to promote the repair of alveolar bones. 91 The use of AuNPs in infectious disease management represents a critical step toward addressing the growing challenge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and holds the promise of revolutionizing infectious disease management by providing safer and more targeted therapeutic options. 79 Clinical trials investigating the potential of gold nanoparticles, often referred to as AuNPs, as antibacterial agents in the context of infectious diseases are at the forefront of scientific exploration.…”