Effects of Glutaraldehyde Exposure on Human Health

Takigawa, Tomoko; Endo, Yuichi

doi:10.1539/joh.48.75

Cited by 239 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…As a substitute for GA, the neurotoxic effects of OPA should also be examined because of its chemical characteristic as an organic compound. The workers in endoscopy rooms who show clinical symptoms were mainly females for GA 20) and OPA 21) . Therefore, we examined the neurotoxicity of GA and OPA using a model of female rats that had inhaled GA or OPA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alterations in Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites in Discrete Brain Regions in the Rats after Inhalation of Disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 Weeks

et al. 2011

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Glutaraldehyde (GA) and ortho-phtalaldehyde (OPA) have been widely used as major components of disinfectants in hospitals. We evaluated the alterations in GA or OPA in rats after subacute inhalation exposure by determining levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine Following the exposure, the brain of each rat was removed and dissected into cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, midbrain, corpus striatum and hypothalamus. The neurotransmitters and their metabolites were extracted from each brain region, and determined by HPLC. Regarding GA, the daily water intake of the 50 or the 200 ppb exposed groups was significantly lower than that of the control. DA and 5-HIAA levels in the medulla oblongata among the GA exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control. For OPA, the mean final body weight and daily food intake of the 100 or 200 ppb exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control. The mean DA concentrations in the cerebrum in the groups exposed to OPA were significantly lower than those of the control. OPA may modulate DA metabolism in the cerebrum of female rats. The levels GA or OPA that induced alienations in neurotransmitters were comparable to those levels usually found in hospitals, further studies are warranted to evaluate the of safety of disinfectants containing GA or OPA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alterations in Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites in Discrete Brain Regions in the Rats after Inhalation of Disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 Weeks

et al. 2011

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“…Even weak solutions (2-3.5% in water) of GA are strong irritants to the skin or eyes. Prolonged exposure can produce localized edema and other symptoms suggestive of an allergic response [6]. Although its low vapor pressure reduces the exposure of GA via inhalation, GA vapor may act as an irritant to bronchial and laryngeal mucous membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal edema and metabolic acidosis after Omnicide® ingestion

Perera¹,

Kularathne²,

Gawarammana³

2008

Clinical Toxicology

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Introduction. Glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used as disinfectants and sterilizing agents. Glutaraldehyde is irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract, and has been associated with occupational asthma. Acute oral ingestion of a concentrated solution has not been previously reported in humans. Case Report. A 19-year-old woman presented after deliberate ingestion of a biocide containing glutaraldehyde and a quaternary ammonium compound. She developed respiratory distress and severe metabolic acidosis 10 hours after admission. Marked laryngeal edema was noted when she was being intubated. She eventually improved following supportive care and was discharged alive after 9 hospital days. Discussion. There are no reports of acute ingestions of both glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds. As both these substances are known to cause metabolic acidosis, localized edema, erosion and sensitization of both the respiratory and alimentary tract. The clinical effect may be additive or synergistic. Conclusions. Omnicide ingestion should be closely monitored for metabolic acidosis and laryngeal edema which may progress to upper airway obstruction requiring urgent airway stabilization.

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“…However there are some problems with the practical application of PVA including poor mechanical strength and the water evaporation of the polymer which can lead to the stiffening of the hydrogel and cause tissue damage [12]. Moreover, the chemical crosslinking agent residue such as glutaraldehyde has demonstrated to have adverse effects on health [13,14]. In addition, physical crosslinking such as thermal treatment affects drug and may cause the degradation of drug [15].…”

Section: Multilayered Controlled Releasedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayered Controlled Released Topical Patch Containing Tetracycline for Wound Dressing

Kiaee¹,

Etaat²,

Kiaee³

et al. 2016

J In Silico In Vitro Pharmacol

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Proficient antibiotic drug delivery plays a key role in treating infections. In this article we prepared an electrospun wound dressing which releases Tetracycline in a timed and dose controlled matter for one week. In order to fabricate a wound dressing which can release Tetracycline in a longer duration and at an effective therapeutic level we designed a bilayer electrospun patch made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycaprolacton (PCL), and coated the whole system with chitosan. The SEM micrograph showed the dependent relationship of the morphology of the nanofibers on the Tetracycline concentration, and the addition of PCL electrospun layer decreased the pore size and water uptake rate. However, it was found that coating PVA/PCL bilayered electrospun sheet with chitosan increased the water uptake rate, which is an important property in biomedical applications. According to the FTIR results, chemical composition of the scaffolds did not change during the fabrication process. Mechanical properties of the samples were assessed, and the results revealed that the chitosan coating improved the tensile strength of the electrospun layers. Furthermore, based on in vitro release tests, it was found that bilayered electrospun sheets coated with chitosan controlled drug release efficiently. In addition, the antibacterial tests performed in vitro showed stronger antibacterial activity on S. aureus cultures for PVA/PCL/Chitosan in comparison to uncoated samples.

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Effects of Glutaraldehyde Exposure on Human Health

Abstract: Effects of Glutaraldehyde Exposure on Human Health: Tomoko TAKIGAWA, et

Cited by 239 publications

References 90 publications

The Alterations in Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites in Discrete Brain Regions in the Rats after Inhalation of Disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 Weeks

The Alterations in Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites in Discrete Brain Regions in the Rats after Inhalation of Disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde for 4 Weeks

Laryngeal edema and metabolic acidosis after Omnicide® ingestion

Multilayered Controlled Released Topical Patch Containing Tetracycline for Wound Dressing

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