Effects of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of clinical trials

Silva, Juliana; Barros, Vilk Janne da Silva; Silva, Alda Cássia Alves da; Parente, José Miguel Luz; Lima, Murilo Moura; Lima, Aldo Ângelo Moreira; Santos, Armênio Aguiar dos; Neto, Emídio Marques Matos; Tolentino, Moisés

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.12.023

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Glutamine is a beneficial amino acid, which is utilized by the intestinal endothelium and plays a pivotal role in gut integrity 54 , 55 . Depleted glutamine levels were observed in inflammatory bowel disease 56 , obesity and adipose inflammation 57 , 58 , and gut-brain axis disorders 59 . Glutamate metabolized by gut microbiota was shown to be associated with human health, including decreased abundance in obesity 60 insulin resistance 61 , and neurological disorders such as autism spectrum disorder 62 , seizures 63 , and Alzheimer’s disease 64 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic disparities and household crowding in association with the fecal microbiome of school-age children

Lapidot

Reshef

Maya

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

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The development of the gut microbiome occurs mainly during the first years of life; however, little is known on the role of environmental and socioeconomic exposures, particularly within the household, in shaping the microbial ecology through childhood. We characterized differences in the gut microbiome of school-age healthy children, in association with socioeconomic disparities and household crowding. Stool samples were analyzed from 176 Israeli Arab children aged six to nine years from three villages of different socioeconomic status (SES). Sociodemographic data were collected through interviews with the mothers. We used 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the gut microbiome, including an inferred analysis of metabolic pathways. Differential analysis was performed using the analysis of the composition of microbiomes (ANCOM), with adjustment for covariates. An analysis of inferred metagenome functions was performed implementing PICRUSt2. Gut microbiome composition differed across the villages, with the largest difference attributed to socioeconomic disparities, with household crowding index being a significant explanatory variable. Living in a low SES village and high household crowding were associated with increased bacterial richness and compositional differences, including an over-representation of Prevotella copri and depleted Bifidobacterium. Secondary bile acid synthesis, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism and Biotin metabolism were decreased in the lower SES village. In summary, residential SES is a strong determinant of the gut microbiome in healthy school-age children, mediated by household crowding and characterized by increased bacterial richness and substantial taxonomic and metabolic differences. Further research is necessary to explore possible implications of SES-related microbiome differences on children’s health and development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic disparities and household crowding in association with the fecal microbiome of school-age children

Lapidot

Reshef

Maya

et al. 2022

npj Biofilms Microbiomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In two other studies, a mild effect of glutamine was observed on inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, two other studies reported an effect of glutamine supplementation on disease activity [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of severe diarrhea in an AIDS patient with inflammatory bowel disease with Short Bowel Syndrome

Bisotto

Gorini

Claudino

et al. 2022

IJN

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Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to a loss of lymphoid tissue through the intestinal mucosa, making the intestine susceptible to infections and inflammation. As a result, the patient may present with Crohn's Disease (CD), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS) results from loss of bowel absorption capacity after extensive bowel resection and is associated with several complications. Objective: To report the case of a patient presenting with acute chronic diarrhea, of probable multifactorial etiology, secondary to HIV, CD, and SBS. Methods: The information contained in this report was obtained through a review of the medical record and a review of the literature. Case Report: This is the report of E. F. C, male, 49 years old, who was admitted to the ICU of Hospital Ernesto Dornelles, in Porto Alegre, from 12/04/2020 to 01/07/2021, with HIV, CD, and SBS. The patient was admitted complaining of diarrhea that had started 15 days ago, which had worsened in the last 7 days, with loss of appetite, vomiting episodes, and mental confusion. Using empirical Lamivudine, Zidovudine, Tenofovir, Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole, Methotrexate and Prednisone. On physical examination, he was sleepy, afebrile, with a normotensive abdomen, severe dehydration, and edema 3+/4+. From anthropometry, the measured weight of 50 kg, reported height of 1.70 m, and BMI of 17 kg/m2. On laboratory tests, he had severe pancytopenia and electrolyte disturbances. Although the cause of diarrhea was not clarified, bowel rest and the use of glutamine and enteral symbiotic were chosen, while treating HIV and CD, to improve enterocyte nutrition and reduce bacterial translocation capable of causing septic conditions. Despite this, diarrhea was untreatable, mean greater than 1,000 ml/day, with indication, but without the possibility of total parenteral nutrition, due to thrombocytopenia. On 12/06, E. F. C was in poor general condition, anasarca, tachycardic, hypotensive, treating septicemia caused by Candida tropicalis. On 12/07, he presented no spontaneous breathing, absence of central pulses and pupillary reflexes, opted not to institute invasive measures, and died. Final Considerations: The report highlights the need to cover IBD and opportunistic infections in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea in AIDS patients with CD and SBS. It also demonstrates the challenge of nurturing the patient who does not have conditions for enteral and/or parenteral nutrition, with a high risk of malnutrition due to the catabolism of such pathologies.

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“…Glutamine is the major dietary amino acid which has been extensively studied for its immunomodulatory effects in several pathologies, including IBD [ 65 ]. Indeed, glutamine reduces pro-inflammatory signalling and promotes M2 macrophage polarisation through uridine 5′-diphosphate-nacetylglucosamine biosynthesis and N-glycosylation [ 66 ].…”

Section: Factors That Influence Macrophage Polarisation In Inflammati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota, Macrophages and Diet: An Intriguing New Triangle in Intestinal Fibrosis

et al. 2022

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Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without specific treatment. As macrophages are the key actors in inflammatory responses and the wound healing process, they have been extensively studied in chronic diseases these past decades. By their exceptional ability to integrate diverse stimuli in their surrounding environment, macrophages display a multitude of phenotypes to underpin a broad spectrum of functions, from the initiation to the resolution of inflammation following injury. The hypothesis that distinct macrophage subtypes could be involved in fibrogenesis and wound healing is emerging and could open up new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis. Gut microbiota and diet are two key factors capable of modifying intestinal macrophage profiles, shaping their specific function. Defects in macrophage polarisation, inadequate dietary habits, and alteration of microbiota composition may contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we describe the intriguing triangle between intestinal macrophages, diet, and gut microbiota in homeostasis and how the perturbation of this discreet balance may lead to a pro-fibrotic environment and influence fibrogenesis in the gut.

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Effects of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of clinical trials

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Socioeconomic disparities and household crowding in association with the fecal microbiome of school-age children

Socioeconomic disparities and household crowding in association with the fecal microbiome of school-age children

Management of severe diarrhea in an AIDS patient with inflammatory bowel disease with Short Bowel Syndrome

Gut Microbiota, Macrophages and Diet: An Intriguing New Triangle in Intestinal Fibrosis

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