Effects of Glucose Oxidase Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Antioxidative and Inflammatory Status, Gut Function, and Microbiota Composition of Broilers Fed Moldy Corn

Abstract

BackgroundGlucose oxidase is widely used as a livestock feed additive owing to its beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant activity. However, little is known about the effects of the enzyme on intestinal health.MethodsTo investigate the effects of glucose oxidase supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal function, and microbiota composition of broilers fed moldy corn, newly hatched Arbor Acres broilers were each randomly assigned to one of four groups, which were fed a basal diet (CON), a contaminated diet (10% moldy corn) (MC), a basal diet supplemented with 0.01% glucose oxidase (GOD), or a contaminated diet supplemented with 0.01% glucose oxidase (MCG).ResultsWe found that the average weight gain (ADG) of the MC group was significantly lower than those of the CON and GOD groups, and there were no significant differences in ADG between the MCG group and the CON and GOD groups. Intestinal morphology results revealed irregularly arranged villi and microvilli in the ilea from the MC group, whereas those from the other three groups were aligned regularly. Tight-junction protein analysis showed that both ZO-1 expression and claudin-4 expression in the MC group were significantly lower than those in the other groups. Inflammation cytokines analysis showed lower serum concentration of interleukin-10, as well as its mRNA expression in the ileum of the MC group, when compared with those of the other groups. Additionally, we observed lower glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activity and higher malonaldehyde concentration in the MC group than those in the MCG group. The α and β diversity of microbiota profiling indicated that the cecal microbiota in the MC group differed from those in the other three groups.ConclusionThe results indicated that glucose oxidase supplementation was able to prevent the adverse effects from mycotoxin exposure on growth performance, antioxidant activity, inflammatory response, intestinal function, and microbiota composition in broilers. We suggested that glucose oxidase supplementation can be used in broilers to mitigate the adverse effects of moldy feed, and its benefits are due to its effect on intestinal microbiota composition.

Effects of glucose oxidase on growth performance, clinical symptoms, serum parameters, and intestinal health in piglets challenged by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

“…In this study, we detected an increase in the expression of IL-8 and TNF-α of the duodenum other than the ileum in challenged piglets, suggesting a tissue-dependent effect of ETEC challenge on the expression pattern of intestinal inflammatory cytokines. Previous studies have revealed varying effects of GOD addition on intestinal cytokine expression of broilers ( Qu and Liu, 2021 ). In this study, GOD addition counteracted ETEC - induced upregulations of duodenal IL-8 and TNF-α expression and also reduced ileal IL-6 expression, which validated that GOD had a capacity to alleviate intestinal inflammation in challenged piglets probably depending on the anti-inflammatory action of butyric acid produced from GOD-catalyzed reaction ( Tsukahara et al, 2002 ; Biagi et al, 2006 ).…”

Effects of Probiotics, Glucose Oxidase and its Combination on Immune Function, Antioxidant Status, Serum Biochemical Incides and Toxin Residue in Sheep when Challenged with Aflatoxin B1

“…Diets were formulated according to nutrient requirements (Qu and Liu, 2021) for sheep. The ingredient composition and nutrient content of the basal diet is given in Table 1.…”

“…Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an aerobic dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of β-d-glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (Bankar et al, 2009). Such enzyme is already widely used in the feed production industry since it has been established that GOD has effects on bacteriostatic effect (Sandholm et al, 1988), growth-promotion (Wu et al, 2019), improving antioxidant capacity (Dang et al, 2022, Zhang et al, 2020), maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis (Qu and Liu, 2021). Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide produced during the GOD redox process can detoxify mycotoxins, especially AFB1 which contains a xanthene phosphorous copper group through oxidative dehydrogenation (Murphy K et al, 2008).…”

Glucose oxidase as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters improves the immunity function, antioxidative status, and cecal microbiota environment in white-feathered broilers

“…Therefore, animal nutrition research mainly focuses on the host gut which correlates with optimal health and productivity. GOD has been known to help animals avoid intestinal dysfunction or other gut problems based on its reaction mechanism (Qu and Liu, 2021). The GOD-catalyzed glucose products can act on the gut of broilers, gluconic acid can produce the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and further create a weakly acidic intestinal tract environment (Mortensen et al, 1988;Biagi et al, 2006), and hydrogen peroxide can participate in the oxidative stress response and regulate gut microbiota through its bactericidal and antimicrobial properties (Vatansever et al, 2013;Belambri et al, 2018).…”