Effects of global financial crisis on funding for health development in nineteen countries of the WHO African Region

Kirigia, Joses Muthuri; Nganda, Benjamin; Mwikisa, Chris; Cardoso, Bernardino

doi:10.1186/1472-698x-11-4

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Embedding practices – initially driven as interventions funded in a project mode – into the existing health system when a project ends or when funding is cut remains problematic [34,35]. One category of facilitators of KMC implementation is opinion leaders, a category that includes people in leadership and management positions at all levels of the health system and the so-called grass-roots “champions” that make KMC work [15,16,32,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing facility-based kangaroo mother care services: lessons from a multi-country study in Africa

Bergh

Kerber²,

Abwao

et al. 2014

BMC Health Serv Res

131

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BackgroundSome countries have undertaken programs that included scaling up kangaroo mother care. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the implementation status of facility-based kangaroo mother care services in four African countries: Malawi, Mali, Rwanda and Uganda.MethodsA cross-sectional, mixed-method research design was used. Stakeholders provided background information at national meetings and in individual interviews. Facilities were assessed by means of a standardized tool previously applied in other settings, employing semi-structured key-informant interviews and observations in 39 health care facilities in the four countries. Each facility received a score out of a total of 30 according to six stages of implementation progress.ResultsAcross the four countries 95 per cent of health facilities assessed demonstrated some evidence of kangaroo mother care practice. Institutions that fared better had a longer history of kangaroo mother care implementation or had been developed as centres of excellence or had strong leaders championing the implementation process. Variation existed in the quality of implementation between facilities and across countries. Important factors identified in implementation are: training and orientation; supportive supervision; integrating kangaroo mother care into quality improvement; continuity of care; high-level buy in and support for kangaroo mother care implementation; and client-oriented care.ConclusionThe integration of kangaroo mother care into routine newborn care services should be part of all maternal and newborn care initiatives and packages. Engaging ministries of health and other implementing partners from the outset may promote buy in and assist with the mobilization of resources for scaling up kangaroo mother care services. Mechanisms for monitoring these services should be integrated into existing health management information systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing facility-based kangaroo mother care services: lessons from a multi-country study in Africa

Bergh

Kerber²,

Abwao

et al. 2014

BMC Health Serv Res

131

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“…Intuitively, as the absolute size of GDP increases, the proportion spent on health would be expected to increase. For example, a recent study estimated that between 2008 and 2009, the GDP of the African region decreased by US$94 billion due to the on-going global financial and economic crises [12]. The authors speculated that that decrease is likely to be reflected in reductions in expenditures on health.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health financing in the African Region: 2000–2009 data analysis

Sambo¹,

Kirigia²,

Orem³

2013

Int Arch Med

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BackgroundIn order to raise African countries probability of achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals by 2015, there is need to increase and more efficiently use domestic and external funding to strengthen health systems infrastructure in order to ensure universal access to quality health care. The objective of this paper is to examine the changes that have occurred in African countries on health financing, taking into account the main sources of funding over the period 2000 to 2009.MethodsOur analysis is based on the National Health Accounts (NHA) data for the 46 countries of the WHO African Region. The data were obtained from the WHO World Health Statistics Report 2012. Data for Zimbabwe was not available. The analysis was done using Excel software.ResultsBetween 2000 and 2009, number of countries spending less than 5% of their GDP on health decreased from 24 to 17; government spending on health as a percentage of total health expenditure increased in 31 countries and decreased in 13 countries; number of countries allocating at least 15% of national budgets on health increased from 2 to 4; number of countries partially financing health through social security increased from 19 to 21; number of countries where private spending was 50% and above of total health expenditure decreased from 29 (64%) to 23 (51%); over 70% of private expenditure on health came from household out-of-pocket payments (OOPS) in 32 (71%) countries and in 27 (60%) countries; number of countries with private prepaid plans increased from 29 to 31; number of countries financing more than 20% of their total health expenditure from external sources increased from 14 to 19; number of countries achieving the Commission for Macroeconomics and Health recommendation of spending at least US$34 per person per year increased from 11 to 29; number of countries achieving the International Taskforce on Innovative Financing recommendation of spending at least US$44 per person per year increased from 11 to 24; average per capita total expenditure on health increased from US$35 to US$82; and average per capita government expenditure on health grew from US$ 15 to US$ 41.ConclusionWhilst the African Region (AFR) average government expenditure on health as a per cent of THE increased by 5.4 per cent, the average private health expenditure decreased by the same percentage between 2000 and 2009. The regional average OOPS as a per cent of private expenditure on health increased by 4.9 per cent. The average external resources for health as a percentage of THE increased by 3.7 per cent. Even though on average the quantity of health funds have increased, we cannot judge from the current study the extent to which financial risk protection, equity and efficiency has progressed or regressed.In 2009 OOPS made up over 20% of total expenditure on health in 34 countries. Evidence shows that where OOPS as a percentage of total health expenditure is less than 20%, the risk of catastrophic expenditure is negligible. Therefore, there is urgent need for countries...

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“…In the coming years, the impact of economic forces will have an evident influence on the health of Australians. Kirigia, Nganda, Mwikisa, and Cardoso (2011) contend that there is significant evidence indicating that economic downturns result in reduced spending on healthcare, ultimately leading to poorer health outcomes with the most vulnerable most at risk.…”

Section: Economicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future-Proofing Nursing Education

et al. 2014

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The dynamism that will inevitably mark unfolding future events over the next decade and beyond will shape and shift healthcare in new and unexpected ways. Nursing must be a key player if it is to continue to evolve and develop as a profession. Nursing education, particularly at the level of undergraduate pre-registration programs, will form a vital part in informing the direction of the profession. Designing nursing curricula to be proactive rather than reactive to future events is essential in future-proofing nursing education. Nevertheless, the process of translating a myriad of contextual factors to inform future directions for nursing education is as difficult as it is necessary. This article proposes a means of future-proofing nursing education by incorporating current and emerging trends relevant to the Australia context into curriculum design. AbstractThe relevance of pre-registration programs of nursing education to current and emerging trends in healthcare and society could have a significant future impact on the nursing profession. In this article, we use a PESTEL (politics, economics, society, technology, environment, and law) framework to identify significant current and future priorities in Australian healthcare. Following the PESTEL analysis, we conduct a review of the curriculum content of current Australian undergraduate preregistration nursing curricula. The data were analyzed to determine how nursing curricula were aligned with the priorities identified in the PESTEL analysis. Findings suggest that preparation-practice gaps are evident in nursing curricula as the broad priorities identified were poorly reflected in undergraduate pre-registration programs. The study recommended (a) the establishment of a nationally consistent mechanism to identify current and emerging trends in healthcare and higher education, and (b) an evidence-based framework that enhances forward planning in the design of undergraduate pre-registration nursing curricula.

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Effects of global financial crisis on funding for health development in nineteen countries of the WHO African Region

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Implementing facility-based kangaroo mother care services: lessons from a multi-country study in Africa

Implementing facility-based kangaroo mother care services: lessons from a multi-country study in Africa

Health financing in the African Region: 2000–2009 data analysis

Future-Proofing Nursing Education

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