Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 or 17β-estradiol on a cognitively impaired, ovariectomized rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Zhang, X.; Wang, J.; Xing, Yonglei; Gong, Lei; Li, H.; Wu, Zhibing; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Dong, Lun; Li, Shuang

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.027

Cited by 70 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Oral administration of RA decreased the Ab burden in the AD model transgenic mice by inhibiting the Ab aggregation pathway from Ab monomers to A11-positive oligomers and from A11-positive oligomers to Ab deposition [42]. Although our study supports the reported findings above, our experiments were performed on a different AD rodent model which can completely mimic the neuropathological and behavioral alterations in AD by affecting several molecular changes associated with deprivation of endogenous estrogen and oxidative stress [10,11]. In addition to reduce Ab accumulation, RA reversed mitochondrial swelling and crista deformations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…As shown in previous studies [10,11], increment in oxidative stress and estrogen deficiency, which are known to cause cognitive impairment, can mimic AD-like spatial memory dysfunction. Therefore, we performed the Y-maze test as a simple spatial recognition test which has been widely preferred to assess hippocampus-dependent short-term spatial memory [31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…In a rat model of AD molecular alterations can be induced by long-term ovarian hormone deprivation combined with D-galactose (D-gal) treatment [10,11]. It is well known that estrogen deprivation [12,13] and oxidative stress [14,15] have been implicated as important risk factors in the pathogenesis of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of rosmarinic acid on cognitive and biochemical alterations in ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose

Kantar

Ozturk

et al. 2016

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Introduction. Animal models designed to mimic certain features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can help us to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease. Previous studies have revealed that long-term D-galactose injection combined with ovariectomy results in pathophysiologic alterations associated with AD. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) administration on pathological changes associated with ovariectomy and D-galactose injection, which serve as a two-insult model for AD. Material and methods. One hundred female Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups: control (C), Sham (Sh), rosmarinic acid treated (R), ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose (OD), ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose and rosmarinic acid (ODR) groups. D-galactose (80 mg/kg/day) was administered by i.p. injection and RA (50 mg/kg/day) was given via gavage for 60 days. Open field and Y-maze tests were used to assess locomotor activity and short-term spatial memory, respectively. Biochemical and histopathological analyses of the brain tissue were performed. Results. Open field testing showed that the locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of rats were prominently impaired in the OD group as compared to the other studied groups. Similarly, Y-maze test results revealed a decrease of short-term spatial memory in the OD rats. A concomitant treatment with RA significantly restored altered locomotor activity and cognitive functions in the ODR group. Lipid peroxidation levels, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 levels in the brain tissue were higher in the OD group and RA treatment inhibited these changes. AD-like histopathological alterations and amyloid b peptide (Ab) depositions were observed in the OD group. Normal cell structure and lower Ab depositions were observed in the ODR group compared with the OD group. Conclusions. RA could have the potential to prevent some psychological and biochemical alterations of brain tissue found in a rat model of AD probably by attenuating lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Effects of rosmarinic acid on cognitive and biochemical alterations in ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose

Kantar

Ozturk

et al. 2016

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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“…10 Moreover, it has been reported that some of the components had beneficial effects on learning and memory ability. 11,12 This study was designed to investigate the effect of ZJD on learning and memory ability, monoamine neurotransmitters, and neurotrophic factors in aging rats. Our data indicated that ZJD treatment might act through regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in the brain, which played a role in improving learning and memory ability in aging rats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zhuang Jing Decoction on Learning and Memory Ability in Aging Rats

Cai

Cen-han

et al. 2016

Rejuvenation Research

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With the average life span of humans on the rise, aging in the world has drawn considerable attentions. The monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in brain areas are involved in learning and memory processes and are an essential part of normal synaptic neurotransmission and plasticity. In the present study, the effect of Zhuang Jing Decoction (ZJD) on the learning and memory ability in aging rats was examined in vivo using Morris water maze. Furthermore, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in brain were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, respectively. These data showed that oral administration with ZJD at the dose of 30 g$kg -1 exerted an improved effect on learning and memory ability in aging rats. The results revealed that ZJD could effectively adjust the monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, restore the balance of the level of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in brain, and finally attenuate the degeneration of learning and memory ability. These findings suggested that ZJD might be a potential agent as cognitive-enhancing drug in improving learning and memory ability. It may exert through regulating the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors in brain, which demonstrated that ZJD had certain antiaging effects.

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“…The use of ginseng for improving cognitive performance has become increasingly popular in recent years (Li et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012). Particularly, ginsenoside Rh2 was recently found to protect neurons from hypoxia-induced damage, indicating that Rh2 could exert a neuron-protective effect through some mechanisms (Shuangyan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rh2 promotes nonamyloidgenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein via a cholesterol-dependent pathway

Qiu¹,

Li²,

Feng³

et al. 2014

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) is a ginseng derivative used in Chinese traditional medicine. We investigated whether Rh2 can help prevent Alzheimer's disease symptoms and examined underlying mechanisms. We injected Rh2 into tg2576 Alzheimer's disease model mice and looked for behavioral improvement and senile plaque reduction in brain slices. We measured amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism species changes, amyloid beta40 and 42 levels and β, γ secretase activity in primary hippocampal neurons. By living cell staining, we detected surface and endocytosed APP. We also measured cholesterol and lipid rafts in primary neurons. Rh2 treatment significantly improved learning and memory performance at 14 months of age; it also reduced brain senile plaques at this age. Based on in vitro experiments, we found that Rh2 treatment increased soluble APPα (sAPPα) levels, increased CTFα/β ratios, and reduced amyloid beta 40 3587©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 13 (2): 3586-3598 (2014) Ginsenoside Rh2 promotes nonamyloidgenic cleavage of APP and 42 concentrations. Surface APP levels dramatically increased. Based on living cell staining, we found that Rh2 inhibited APP endocytosis. Based on lipid removal and reload experiments, we found that Rh2 can modulate APP by reducing cholesterol and lipid raft levels. We concluded that Rh2 improves learning and memory function in Alzheimer's disease model mice, and that this improvement is accomplished by reducing amyloid beta secretion and APP endocytosis, which in turn is achieved by reducing cholesterol and lipid raft concentrations.

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Effects of ginsenoside Rg1 or 17β-estradiol on a cognitively impaired, ovariectomized rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 70 publications

References 59 publications

Effects of rosmarinic acid on cognitive and biochemical alterations in ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose

Effects of rosmarinic acid on cognitive and biochemical alterations in ovariectomized rats treated with D-galactose

Effect of Zhuang Jing Decoction on Learning and Memory Ability in Aging Rats

Ginsenoside Rh2 promotes nonamyloidgenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein via a cholesterol-dependent pathway

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