Effects of Ginseng Radix on Sugar Absorption in the Small Intestine

Onomura, M.; Tsukada, Hideaki; Fukuda, Kazuhito; Hosokawa, Munetaka; Nakamura, Hiroshi; Kodama, Mitsuo; Ohya, Masaki; Seino, Yutaka

doi:10.1142/s0192415x99000392

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The glycemic profiles in the present study do not seem to support the first mechanism. Although ginseng has been shown to inhibit gastric secretion in rats (28) and decrease glucose and maltose absorption in isolated rat and human duodenal samples (29), if AG was slowing digestion, then we would have expected lower values during the first 15 min of our study. This observation is typical with soluble dietary fiber (30) and acarbose (31,32), both of which operate through delaying or inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the gut.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE -We previously demonstrated that 3 g American ginseng (AG) reduced postprandial glycemia (PPG) in type 2 diabetic individuals. We investigated whether further reductions can be achieved with escalation of dose and time of AG administration.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Ten type 2 diabetic patients (6 men, 4 women; age 63 ± 2 years; BMI 27.7 ± 1.5 kg/m 2 ; HbA 1c 7.3 ± 0.3%) were randomly administered 0 g (placebo) or 3, 6, or 9 g ground AG root in capsules at 120, 80, 40, or 0 min before a 25-g oral glucose challenge. Capillary blood glucose was measured before ingestion of AG or placebo and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min from the start of the glucose challenge.RESULTS -Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that treatment (0, 3, 6, and 9 g AG) but not time of administration (120, 80, 40, or 0 min before the challenge) significantly affected PPG (P Ͻ 0.05), with significant (P = 0.037) interaction for area under the curve (AUC). Pairwise comparisons showed that compared with 0 g (placebo), 3, 6, or 9 g significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) reduced AUC (19.7, 15.3, and 15.9%, respectively) and incremental glycemia at 30 min (16.3, 18.4, and 18.4%, respectively), 45 min (12.5, 14.3, and 14.3%, respectively), and 120 min (59.1, 40.9, and 45.5%, respectively). However, pairwise comparisons showed no differences between the 3-, 6-, or 9-g doses and any of the times of administration.CONCLUSIONS -AG reduced PPG irrespective of dose and time of administration. No more than 3 g AG was required at any time in relation to the challenge to achieve reductions. Because these reductions included glycemia at the 2-h diagnostic end point, there may be implications for diabetes diagnosis and treatment.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 79%

Postprandial glucose-lowering effects of fermented red ginseng in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Park

Kim

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRed ginseng is prepared by steaming raw ginseng, a process believed to increase the pharmacological efficacy. Further bioconversion of red ginseng through fermentation is known to increase its intestinal absorption and bioactivity, and bioconversion diminishes the toxicity of red ginseng’s metabolite. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of daily supplementation with fermented red ginseng (FRG) on glycemic status in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis study was a four-week long, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-two subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to two groups assigned to consume either the placebo or fermented red ginseng (FRG) three times per day for four weeks. Fasting and postprandial glucose profiles during meal tolerance tests were assessed before and after the intervention.ResultsFRG supplementation led to a significant reduction in postprandial glucose levels and led to an increase in postprandial insulin levels compared to the placebo group. There was a consistently significant improvement in the glucose area under the curve (AUC) in the FRG group. However, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles were not different from the placebo group.ConclusionDaily supplementation with FRG lowered postprandial glucose levels in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01826409

show abstract

“…The preventive effect of ginsenosides on angioplasty-induced neointimal formation was seen in a rat model [80]. Animal studies suggested that ginsenoside Rb1 increased glucose uptake into sheep erythrocytes in a dose dependent manner, while another ginsenoside Rb2 increased the activity of the rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes that affect insulin secretion and modulate glucose disposal [81, 82]. …”

Section: Therapeutic Applications In Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng Compounds: An Update on their Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications

Lü

Yao²,

Chen

2009

CVP

542

289

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ginseng is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is reported to have a wide range of therapeutic and pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides, the major pharmacologically active ingredients of ginseng, appear to be responsible for most of the activities of ginseng including vasorelaxation, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. Approximately 40 ginsenoside compounds have been identified. Researchers are now focused on using purified individual ginsenoside to reveal the specific mechanism of functions of ginseng instead of using whole ginseng root extracts. Each ginsenoside may have different effects in pharmacology and mechanisms due to their different chemical structures. Among them the most commonly studied ginsenosides are Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Re, Rd and Rh1. The molecular mechanisms and medical applications of ginsenosides have attracted much attention and hundreds of papers have been published in the last few years. The general purpose of this update is to provide current information on recently described effects of ginsenosides on antioxidation, vascular system, signal transduction pathways and interaction with receptors. Their therapeutic applications in animal models and humans as well as the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ginsenosides are also discussed in this review. This review concludes with some thoughts for future directions in the further development of ginseng compounds as effective therapeutic agents.

show abstract

Effects of Ginseng Radix on Sugar Absorption in the Small Intestine

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.

Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.

Postprandial glucose-lowering effects of fermented red ginseng in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Ginseng Compounds: An Update on their Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About