Effects of ginseng on short‐chain fatty acids and intestinal microbiota in rats with spleen‐qi deficiency based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and 16s rRNA technology

Abstract

RationaleSpleen‐qi deficiency syndrome, a common weakness syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine, results from insufficient spleen‐qi levels. For centuries, ginseng has been relied upon as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat spleen‐qi deficiency syndrome. Until now, the mechanism feature of ginseng in treating temper deficiency through intestinal bacteria and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites has not been fully elucidated.MethodsThis study established a rat model of spleen‐qi deficiency via multi‐factor compound modeling that involved fatigue injury and a controlled diet. The content of SCFAs between different treatment groups was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. And the 16s rRNA sequencing technology was applied to reveal the effects of ginseng on the intestinal microecological environment of the rats.ResultsIt was found that the ginseng treatment group exhibited the most remarkable regulatory effect on propionic acid, surpassing all other administration groups. Ginseng increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased that of harmful bacteria at the genus level in rats with spleen‐qi deficiency syndrome. And propionic acid is significantly positively correlated with Lactobacillus level and significantly negatively correlated with uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae (p < 0.05). n‐Butyric acid is negatively correlated with the Faecalibaculum level (p < 0.01). n‐Valeric acid is significantly negatively correlated with the Romboutsia level (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe mechanism of ginseng treatment for spleen‐qi deficiency is elucidated from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs. It provides a new way for further development and utilization of ginseng and a theoretical basis.

Investigation of the therapeutic effect of Hedan tablets on high‐fat diet‐induced obesity in rats by GC–MS technology and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing

“…The relationship between SCFAs and gut microbiota is mutually promoting and influencing. SCFAs can lower the pH and redox potential of the intestinal environment, promote the growth and proliferation of probiotics, inhibit the growth of pathogens and foreign bacteria, and increase the colonization resistance of the intestine, thereby altering the structure of the gut microbiota (Zhang, Pi, et al, 2023). Lactobacillus is a well-known probiotic in the gut, mainly involved in the conversion of polysaccharides into SCFAs (Zhang, Chen, et al, 2023).…”