Effects of Gibrel1 on Nitrification and Sulfur Oxidation in Different Oregon Soils12

Chandra, Purna; Bollen, W. B.

doi:10.1128/aem.8.1.31-38.1960

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Jones (1948) observed that rates up to 25 lb/ac of 2,4-D were not detrimental to nitrifiers in a prairie soil in Kansas. Smith, Dawson & Wenzel (1945), Newman & Thomas (1949) and Chandra, Furtick & Bollen (1960) have all reported a temporary inhibitory effect of herbicides on soil microbial activity. Hale, Hulcher & Chappell (1957), Koike & Gainy (1952), Steenson & Walker (1957) andTeater, Mortensen & Pratt (1958) have reported adaptation of microorganisms to 2,4-DB and similar herbicides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water was added to bring the soil to about one-third of its field capacity and the botdes were incubated at 28° C for 8 weeks. After 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks samples were analysed for pH, and nitrite and nitrate nitrogen according to the methods described by Chandra & Bollen (1960).…”

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Audus (I960), Fletcher (1960), Sheets & Danielsen (I960), Bollen (1961) and Thiegs (1962) in exhaustive reviews show that herbicides exert a marked effect on the ecology of soil microorganisms. Processes such as soil respiration, ammonification and nitrification may serve as indices of the persistence or decomposition of these chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbicidal Effects on Certain Soil Microbial Activities in Some Brown Soils of Saskatchewan

Chandra

1964

Weed Research

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Amitrole, 2,3,6-TBA, 2,4-DB and di-allatc were applied at normal field rates to a loam soil in a preliminary study. The toxic effects, as measured by nitrification studies, persisted for 8 weeks after application. After a further 8 weeks this depressive effect was decreased.Residual effects were assayed hy measuring the nitrification rate of soils following the application ofthe same four herhicides at two rates to four different soils. The residual effects of amitroie. di-ailate, 2,3,6-TBA and 2.4-DB were overcome 34, 28, 32 and 44 weeks respectively after treatment. Tolal microhial counts were also correlated with the nitrification rale ofthe soils. Tlie trend of disappearance of the toxic effect of ihest-chemicals was similar in all ihe soils in these laboratory investigations.Under field conditions the residual effect of amitrole, 2,3,6-TBA and 2,4-DB had disappeared by the end of 52 weeks, as far as could tie determined by studies of nitrate production, am mo nifi cation and tolal counts of microorganisms. A second application of ihe chemicals 56 weeks after the initial treatment affected nitrification in the laboratory for only liaM a.s long, indicating adaptation of thf microorganisms lo the herbicides. Effets des herbicides sur certaines activit4s des microorganismes du sotResum^. Dans une dtudc preliminaire, l'amilrole, le 2,3,6-TBA, le 2,4-DB et le di-allate ont m appliquds aux doses normales d'emploi sur un sol argileux. Les effets toxiques evaluds par lVtude de la lutrification persisttrent pendant les 8 semaines qui suivirent ['application. Apres 8 autres semaines, l'effet depressif alia en decroissant.Les effets riisiduels fureni ^valu^s en mesurant le taux dc nitrification des sols apr^s l'application des quatre memes herhicides, ^ deux doses, et ceci dans quatre sols dilft^rents. Les effets r^sidurls dc I'amitrole, du di-allate, du 2.3,6-TBA et du 2,4-DB disparurent respectivemriit 34, 28, 32 et 44 semaines apr^s le traitcment. Les complages tolaux de microorganisnics montrerent aussi une correlation avec le taux de nitrification des sols. L'allure gen^rale de la disparition de l'effet loxique de ces produits fut similaire dans tous les sols Studies au lalxjratoire.En plein champ, l'effet residue! de t'amitrole, du 2,3,6-TBA et du 2,4-DB disparait apres 52 semaines, pour autant que i'on en puisse juger par I'etude do la production de nitrate et d'ammoniac et par le comptage des microorganismes. Uiic seconde application des produits 36 semaines apres le traitement initial n'affccta la nitrification au laboratoire que pendant une periode moitie moins iongue, ce qui indique une adaptation des microorRanismes aux herbicides. Die Wirkung con Herbiziden auf gewisse mikrobielU Prozesse im Boden Zusammenfassung. Amitrol, 2.3,6-TBA, 2,4-DB und Di-ailate wurden in einem Vorversuch in normalen Aufwandmengen auf Lehmboden angewandt. Die mit Hilfe von Nitrifikationssiudien festgestellle toxische Wirkung hii-ll iiber 8 Wochen langan.Nach weiteren 8 Wochen war die hemmende Wirkung verniiiidert. Die Riickstandswi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%