Effects of Ghrelin on Postresuscitation Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest

Xie, Xuemeng; Zhang, Jincheng; Chen, Di; Pān, Hào; Wu, Ziqian; Dong, Guangheng; Gao, Yang

doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000337

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Earlier investigations have confirmed that oxidant injury, inflammation, and cell apoptosis are all involved in the pathologic mechanisms of cardiac and cerebral injuries after successful CPR [27–30]. However, whether the protective effects of RIpostC are related to the alleviation of the above-mentioned pathological damage has not been explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Postconditioning Alone and Combined with Hypothermia Improved Postresuscitation Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes in Swine

Ye²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Objective. Previously, we demonstrated that remote ischemic postconditioning (RIpostC) improved postresuscitation myocardial and cerebral functions in rat. Here, we investigated the effects of RIpostC alone and combined with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on cardiac and neurological outcomes after CPR in swine. Methods. Twenty-one pigs were subjected to 10 mins of VF and then 5 mins of CPR. The animals were randomized to receive RIpostC alone, or its combination with TH, or sham control. RIpostC was induced by 4 cycles of limb ischemia followed by reperfusion. TH was implemented by surface cooling to reach a temperature of 32–34°C. Results. During 72 hrs after resuscitation, lower level of cardiac troponin I and greater stroke volume and global ejection fraction were observed in animals that received RIpostC when compared to the control. RIpostC also decreased serum levels of neuron-specific enolase and S100B and increased neurologic alertness score after resuscitation. The combination of RIpostC and TH resulted in greater improvement in cardiac and neurological outcomes than RIpostC alone. Conclusion. RIpostC was conducive to improving postresuscitation myocardial and cerebral functions and reducing their organ injuries. Its combination with TH further enhanced its protective effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Postconditioning Alone and Combined with Hypothermia Improved Postresuscitation Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes in Swine

Ye²,

Wang³

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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“…More recently there has been a focus on the role of multiple alternative products from the ghrelin gene (e.g., obestatin; Zhang et al 2005), the role of unacetylated ghrelin (comprising 75% of circulating ghrelin) and non-endocrine roles of ghrelin in psychiatric disorders (Wittekind & Kluge 2015), tumour progression (Xu et al 2015), brain injury (Xie et al 2015) and heart failure (Khatib et al 2014). Like the multifunctional SST, ghrelin, initially a GHS, is now recognised as a pleiotropic hormone.…”

Section: Gh-releasing Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The hypothalamo-GH axis: the past 60 years

Murray¹,

Higham²,

Clayton³

2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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At the time of the publication of Geoffrey Harris's monograph on 'Neural control of the pituitary gland' 60 years ago, the pituitary was recognised to produce a growth factor, and extracts administered to children with hypopituitarism could accelerate growth. Since then our understanding of the neuroendocrinology of the GH axis has included identification of the key central components of the GH axis: GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin (SST) in the 1970s and 1980s and ghrelin in the 1990s. Characterisation of the physiological control of the axis was significantly advanced by frequent blood sampling studies in the 1980s and 1990s; the pulsatile pattern of GH secretion and the factors that influenced the frequency and amplitude of the pulses have been defined. Over the same time, spontaneously occurring and targeted mutations in the GH axis in rodents combined with the recognition of genetic causes of familial hypopituitarism demonstrated the key factors controlling pituitary development. As the understanding of the control of GH secretion advanced, developments of treatments for GH axis disorders have evolved. Administration of pituitary-derived human GH was followed by the introduction of recombinant human GH in the 1980s, and, more recently, by long-acting GH preparations. For GH excess disorders, dopamine agonists were used first followed by SST analogues, and in 2005 the GH receptor blocker pegvisomant was introduced. This review will cover the evolution of these discoveries and build a picture of our current understanding of the hypothalamo-GH axis.

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“…After successful CPR from CA, the following global IR injury would induce tissue inflammation and oxidative stress, both of which have been confirmed to promote cardiomyocyte and neuronal death, and finally cause myocardial and neurological dysfunction (22)(23)(24)(25). Similarly, cardiac, cerebral inflammatory, and oxidative injuries were observed in all resuscitated animals compared with the sham group in this study; however, these injuries were significantly alleviated by dexmedetomidine post-conditioning compared with the CPR group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The Effects of Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning on Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in Swine

Shen

Dong

Wang

et al. 2020

Shock

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Introduction: One of the main contents of post-resuscitation care is to alleviate cardiac and neurological damage in cardiac arrest (CA) victims. Recently, dexmedetomidine pre-and post-conditioning have been shown to both effectively protect the heart and brain against regional ischemia reperfusion injury. In this study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine post-conditioning on cardiac and neurological outcomes after CA and resuscitation in swine. Methods: A total of 28 male domestic swine were randomized into four groups: sham, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), low-dose dexmedetomidine post-conditioning (LDP), and high-dose dexmedetomidine post-conditioning (HDP). Sham animals underwent the surgical preparation only. The animal model was established by 8 min of CA and then 5 min of CPR. After the animal was successfully resuscitated, a loading dose of 0.25 mg/kg of dexmedetomidine was intravenously injected followed by continuous infusion of 0.25 mg/kg/h for 6 h in the LDP group, and meanwhile a double dose of dexmedetomidine was similarly administered in the HDP group. The same amount of saline was given in the other two groups. All the resuscitated animals were monitored for 6 h and then returned to their cages for an additional 18 h of observation. Results: After resuscitation, significantly greater cardiac, neurological dysfunction, and injuries were observed in all animals experiencing CA and resuscitation when compared with the sham group. However, the severity of cardiac and neurological damage was significantly milder in the two dexmedetomidine-treated groups than in the CPR group. Dexmedetomidine postconditioning also significantly decreased post-resuscitation tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis and necroptosis in the heart and brain when compared with the CPR group. In addition, these protective effects produced by dexmedetomidine post-conditioning were significantly greater in the HDP group than in the LDP group. Conclusions: -Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning dose-dependently improved post-resuscitation cardiac and neurological outcomes through the inhibition of tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis and necroptosis.

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Effects of Ghrelin on Postresuscitation Brain Injury in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Remote Postconditioning Alone and Combined with Hypothermia Improved Postresuscitation Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes in Swine

Remote Postconditioning Alone and Combined with Hypothermia Improved Postresuscitation Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes in Swine

60 YEARS OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY: The hypothalamo-GH axis: the past 60 years

The Effects of Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning on Cardiac and Neurological Outcomes After Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation in Swine

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