Effects of geometry/dimensions of gas flow channels and operating conditions on high-temperature PEM fuel cells

Liu, Hong; Li, Peiwen; Hartz, Alexandra; Wang, Kai

doi:10.1007/s40095-014-0153-x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…5 (a) show. This is consistent with the literature, where a slight increase in performance with increasing temperature is observed [23,38]. The increase in performance is less marked in this work, because smaller temperature steps of 5…”

Section: Dry Hydrogen Operationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Characterization of Reformate-operated High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Sahlin

Araya

Andreasen³

et al. 2017

IJPER

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This paper presents an experimental characterization of a high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) short stack carried out by means of impedance spectroscopy. Selected operating parameters; temperature, stoichiometry and reactant compositions were varied to investigate their effects on a reformate-operated stack. Polarization curves were also recorded to complement the impedance analysis of the researched phenomena. An equivalent circuit model was used to estimate the different resistances at varying parameters. It showed a significantly higher low frequency resistance at lower stoichiometry. Both anode and cathode stoichiometric ratio had significant effects on the stack performance during the dry hydrogen and reformate operation modes. In both cases the effects faded away when sufficient mass transport was achieved, which took place at λ anode = 1.3 for dry hydrogen, λ anode = 1.6 for reformate operation and λ cathode = 4. The work also compared dry hydrogen, steam reforming and autothermal reforming gas feeds at 160• C and showed appreciably lower performance in the case of autothermal reforming at the same stoichiometry, mainly attributable to mass transport related issues. In a CO poisoning analysis the stack showed good tolerance to concentration up to 1% CO in the fuel stream.

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Section: Dry Hydrogen Operationsupporting

confidence: 93%

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Characterization of Reformate-operated High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Sahlin

Araya

Andreasen³

et al. 2017

IJPER

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“…Consequently, flow channel optimisation remains one of the fundamental techniques for efficient water management in PEMFC channels [10], since channel geometry significantly influences the reactant utilisation efficiency and transport, water management, and ultimately, overall cell performance [11]. Therefore, channel Design is a critical issue in PEMFC development, and care must be taken to manage the liquid water generated to prevent component damage or performance degradation [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of Liquid Water Transport Dynamics in Novel Hybrid Sinusoidal Flow Channel Designs for PEMFC

et al. 2019

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This study numerically investigates liquid water dynamics in a novel hybrid sinusoidal flow channel of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The two-phase flow is examined using a three-dimensional, transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation employing the coupled level set and volume of fluid (VOF) method. Simulations for hybrid and non-hybrid sinusoidal flow channels, including a straight flow channel, are compared based on their water exhaust capacities and pressure drops. Additionally, the effects of inlet gas velocity, wall wettability, and droplet interaction in the flow channel on the dynamic behaviour of liquid water are investigated. Results reveal that the novel hybrid sinusoidal channel designs are consistent in terms of quicker water removal under varying hydrophilic wall conditions. Also, it is found that the liquid surface coverage, detachment, and removal rate depends on droplet proximity to the walls, inlet gas velocity, and wall contact angle. Also, the time a droplet makes contact with the side walls affect the discharge time. Additionally, there is an improvement in the gas velocity magnitude and vertical component velocity across the hybrid sinusoidal channel designs. Therefore, the unique geometric configuration of the proposed hybrid Design makes it a viable substitute for water management in PEMFC applications.

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“…Pressurized operation will also have a positive effect on the size of the humidifier and the heat exchanger helping with power volume relation of the stack system. Considering the effort for compression and also for bonding technology to achieve stack tightness, the operation pressure of fuel cell stack is best compromised in the range between 2.5 and 3.0 atmospheres [15][16][17][18]. Sufficient capability of the compression system for achieving related pressure ratios also considering operation under high altitude and/or high temperature conditions is required.…”

Section: Pressurized Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailored Centrifugal Turbomachinery for Electric Fuel Cell Turbocharger

Filsinger¹,

Kuwata

Ikeya

2021

International Journal of Rotating Machinery

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Hydrogen fuel cell technology is identified as one option for allowing efficient vehicular propulsion with the least environmental impact on the path to a carbon-free society. Since more than 20 years, IHI is providing charging systems for stationary fuel cell applications and since 2004 for mobile fuel cell applications. The power density of fuel cells substantially increases if the system is pressurized. However, contaminants from fuel cell system components like structural materials, lubricants, adhesives, sealants, and hoses have been shown to affect the performance and durability of fuel cells. Therefore, the charging system that increases the pressure and the power density of the stacks inevitably needs to be oil-free. For this reason, gas bearings are applied to support the rotor of a fuel cell turbocharger. It furthermore comprises a turbine, a compressor, and, on the same shaft, an electric motor. The turbine utilizes the exhaust energy of the stack to support the compressor and hence lower the required electric power of the air supply system. The presented paper provides an overview of the fuel cell turbocharger technology. Detailed performance investigations show that a single-stage compressor with turbine is more efficient compared to a two-stage compressor system with intercooler. The turbine can provide more than 30% of the required compressor power. Hence, it substantially increases the system efficiency. It is also shown that a fixed geometry turbine design is appropriate for most applications. The compressor is of a low specific speed type with a vaneless diffuser. It is optimized for operating conditions of fuel cell systems, which typically require pressure ratios in the range of 3.0.

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Effects of geometry/dimensions of gas flow channels and operating conditions on high-temperature PEM fuel cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 55 publications

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Characterization of Reformate-operated High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Characterization of Reformate-operated High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Stack

Numerical Investigation of Liquid Water Transport Dynamics in Novel Hybrid Sinusoidal Flow Channel Designs for PEMFC

Tailored Centrifugal Turbomachinery for Electric Fuel Cell Turbocharger

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