Effects of genotype and environment on the nutrient and metabolic profiles of soybeans genetically modified with epidermal growth factor or thioredoxin compared with conventional soybeans

Kim, Ye Jin; Park, Young Jin; Oh, Sung‐Dug; Yoon, Jeong Su; Kim, Jae Geun; Seo, Ju-Seok; Park, Jung Ho; Kim, Chang-Gi; Park, Soo-Yun; Park, Soon Ki; Choi, Mansoo

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114229

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…During stages R6 and R8, seed filling is completed and senescence is initiated. At these stages, several amino acids accumulate in seeds, among which the major ones are glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, leucine, and lysine. , With the exception of lysine, the levels of these amino acids increased in the leaves at the R6 and R8 stages, indicating a trend of amino acid accumulation through their biosynthesis after the redistribution of nutrients from leaves to seeds is completed. Leucine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine are essential amino acids for humans.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soybean (Glycine max) is an important food resource worldwide. Mature soybean seeds typically contain about 40% protein, 30% carbohydrates, 15% fat, 8% water, and other components . Soybeans are a good source of protein for the human diet due to their high protein content .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mature soybean seeds typically contain about 40% protein, 30% carbohydrates, 15% fat, 8% water, and other components. 1 Soybeans are a good source of protein for the human diet due to their high protein content. 2 In addition, soybean oil is highly praised for human consumption because it has a high content of unsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolite Changes in Soybean (Glycine max) Leaves during the Entire Growth Period

Park,

Lee,

Park

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Although soybean (Glycine max) leaves generate building blocks to produce seeds, a comprehensive understanding of the metabolic changes in soybean leaves during the entire growth stages is limited. Here, we investigated the metabolite changes in soybean leaves from five cultivars among four vegetative (V) and eight reproductive (R) stages using metabolite profiling coupled with chemometrics. Principal component analysis (PCA) of all samples showed a clear separation by growth stage. The total amount of monosaccharides and organic acids for energy production were highly detected in the V stage samples, accumulating in concentrations 2.5 and 1.7 times higher than in the R stage samples, respectively. The results of partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed a clear separation from R1 to R5 by the first PLS, suggesting significant alterations in the metabolic networks up to R5. After flowering, the stage of seed formation, R5, was associated with lower levels of most amino acids and an accumulation of phytosterols. The negative correlation observed between amino acids and phytosterol levels suggests a sophisticated coordination between carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plant, ensuring and supporting optimal growth (r = −0.50085, P = 0.0001). In addition, R-stage samples had decreased monosaccharide levels, indicating redistribution to seeds and senescence-related metabolite changes. Thus, metabolite profiling coupled with chemometrics could be a useful tool for investigating alterations in metabolic networks during various plant growth and development stages. Furthermore, we observed variations in flavonoid contents among the different cultivars. The results could be a basis of further studies on the source−sink interactions in the plant system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolite Changes in Soybean (Glycine max) Leaves during the Entire Growth Period

Park,

Lee,

Park

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Metabolomic approaches, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), are widely used for separating samples with biological status, quality, or genetic differences [ 10 ]. Metabolomics has been steadily used to identify intended compositional changes in GM crops [ 9 , 11 , 12 ]. Thus, the metabolomics approaches have been developed to identify predicted or unpredicted changes in metabolic networks and have become an important tool in safety assessment of GM plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate Metabolic Changes in Genetically Modified Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice

Sim

Kang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Event DS rice producing protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been previously developed by inserting Panax ginseng dammarenediol-II synthase gene (PgDDS) and PPD synthase gene (CYP716A47). We performed a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics of the DS rice to identify metabolic alterations as the effects of genetic engineering by measuring the contents of 65 metabolites in seeds and 63 metabolites in leaves. Multivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance between DS and non-genetically modified (GM) rice showed that DS rice accumulated fewer tocotrienols, tocopherols, and phytosterols than non-GM rice. These results may be due to competition for the same precursors because PPDs in DS rice are synthesized from the same precursors as those of phytosterols. In addition, multivariate analysis of metabolic data from rice leaves revealed that composition differed by growth stage rather than genetic modifications. Our results demonstrate the potential of metabolomics for identifying metabolic alterations in response to genetic modifications.

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Chemical profiling of insect-resistant rice shows that geographical variations produce greater differences in chemical composition than genetic modifications

Sim

Kim

et al. 2023

Plant Biotechnol Rep

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Effects of genotype and environment on the nutrient and metabolic profiles of soybeans genetically modified with epidermal growth factor or thioredoxin compared with conventional soybeans

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

Metabolite Changes in Soybean (Glycine max) Leaves during the Entire Growth Period

Metabolite Changes in Soybean (Glycine max) Leaves during the Entire Growth Period

Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate Metabolic Changes in Genetically Modified Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice

Chemical profiling of insect-resistant rice shows that geographical variations produce greater differences in chemical composition than genetic modifications

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