“…The owners with recreational or multiple objectives have relatively similar value profiles. The previous literature (Kuuluvainen et al 1996;Favada et al 2009;Kuuluvainen et al 2013) suggests that the multiobjective owners are the most active forest owner group, and the recreationists and indifferent owners, on the contrary, the most passive groups in their timber supply behavior. Thus, the relationship between values and forestry behavior remains ambiguous.…”
The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in value priorities between Finnish forest owners and the general public. A conclusion is drawn whether and to what extent value changes in society are reflected in forest owners' values and objectives, and, finally, in their actual forestry behavior. In addition, the study highlights the differences in value priorities among forest owners in various demographic groups. The data set used in this study was based on a nationwide mail survey on Finnish non-industrial private forest owners conducted in 2009 and consisting of 2116 observations of forest owners. Schwartz's value theory was a good fit for testing the value priorities of forest owners. The three most important values were benevolence, security and conformity, both among the forest owners and the public. Tradition was ranked the fourth most important value by the forest owners, but very low by the public. The forest owners ranked universalism slightly lower than the public in general. This difference was clearly greater when the female forest owners were compared to women in the whole population. The probability of a forest owner belonging to the Softies (high emphasis on universalism and benevolence) increased with age and was higher for the female owners and the owners with recreational or multiple objectives compared to the indifferent owners. The multiobjective owners and recreationists had relatively similar value profiles. The previous literature suggests that multiobjective owners are the most active forest owner group and that recreationists and indifferent owners are the most passive groups in their timber supply behavior. The relationship between values and forestry behavior thus remains ambiguous.
“…The owners with recreational or multiple objectives have relatively similar value profiles. The previous literature (Kuuluvainen et al 1996;Favada et al 2009;Kuuluvainen et al 2013) suggests that the multiobjective owners are the most active forest owner group, and the recreationists and indifferent owners, on the contrary, the most passive groups in their timber supply behavior. Thus, the relationship between values and forestry behavior remains ambiguous.…”
The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in value priorities between Finnish forest owners and the general public. A conclusion is drawn whether and to what extent value changes in society are reflected in forest owners' values and objectives, and, finally, in their actual forestry behavior. In addition, the study highlights the differences in value priorities among forest owners in various demographic groups. The data set used in this study was based on a nationwide mail survey on Finnish non-industrial private forest owners conducted in 2009 and consisting of 2116 observations of forest owners. Schwartz's value theory was a good fit for testing the value priorities of forest owners. The three most important values were benevolence, security and conformity, both among the forest owners and the public. Tradition was ranked the fourth most important value by the forest owners, but very low by the public. The forest owners ranked universalism slightly lower than the public in general. This difference was clearly greater when the female forest owners were compared to women in the whole population. The probability of a forest owner belonging to the Softies (high emphasis on universalism and benevolence) increased with age and was higher for the female owners and the owners with recreational or multiple objectives compared to the indifferent owners. The multiobjective owners and recreationists had relatively similar value profiles. The previous literature suggests that multiobjective owners are the most active forest owner group and that recreationists and indifferent owners are the most passive groups in their timber supply behavior. The relationship between values and forestry behavior thus remains ambiguous.
“…Sweden, Finland, Canada, Lithuania) is lower levels of forest management activities among female owners compared to their male counterparts (e.g. in harvesting levels and silvicultural operations) (Lidestav and Ekström 2000;Lidestav and Berg Lejon 2013;Kuuluvainen et al 2014;Coté et al 2016;Follo et al 2016). This difference appears to be widespread, although not confirmed in all studies (e.g.…”
In many countries, lower levels of forest management activities have been observed among female forest owners compared to male owners. The present study examined potential explanations for gender differences in private forest risk management among forest owners in Sweden (n = 1482) using a questionnaire. Results from this study confirmed a slightly lower level of forest risk management among female owners in proactively combating damage caused by climate change and animal browsing when compared to their male counterparts. Further gender differences were revealed on a structural level. For example, female owners displayed higher levels of education and were more often non-resident owners and urban owners, as compared to their male counterparts. In addition, female and male owners differed regarding social-psychological variables (e.g. forest values and threat and coping appraisals). However the greatest gender difference was found in involvement in forest planning and forestry work. Even though gender differences were evident on multiple levels, involvement in forest issues and forest planning were found to be most important for explaining gender differences in forest risk management. By disentangling predictors of gender differences in private forest risk management, this study may contribute to a more strategic gender approach to forest risk governance.
ARTICLE HISTORY
“…Harvesting frequency or probability of harvests has been found to be lower on estates owned by women in Finland (Ripatti 1999). Also other behavioral differences are detected: Women sell on average one m 3 per hectare and per year less than men do, but on the other hand they sell less frequently and then in larger quantities per sale than men do (Kuuluvainen et al 2014). In the Norwegian counties of Trøndelag, female owners visit their forests on 10 days per year, while their male counterparts do so on 16 days (Blekesaune 2005).…”
Section: On Gender As a Relational And Structuralizing Categorymentioning
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