Effects of gabexate mesilate on ischemia-reperfusion-induced testicular injury in rats

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, gabexate mesilate (GM), in rats with ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) damage due to unilateral testicular torsion. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into three groups, each containing ten rats. A sham operation was performed in group 1 (control). In group 2 (I-R/untreated), 1 h detorsion of the testis was performed after 6 h of unilateral testicular torsion. In group 3 (I-R/GM), after performing the same surgical procedures as in group II, gabexate mesilate was given intravenously. In all experimental rats, ipsilateral orchiectomies were performed for histological examination and measuring the tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). MDA values and the testicular injury score decreased and SOD, CAT and GSH-Px values increased in the GM-treated group compared to the I-R/untreated group. The Tc-99m pertechnetate uptake ratio and the perfusion index were significantly decreased in the group 2 compared to the group 1 and 3 rats. In group 3, these values were significantly increased compared to group 2. Most of the specimens in the GM-treated group showed grade-I testicular injury. However, the injuries in the I-R/untreated rats varied between grade-III and grade-IV. The results of this study show that GM may play a role in reducing the injury caused by I-R.

Protective effect of metformin on testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

“…SOD and glutathione peroxidase are major enzymes that scavenge harmful ROS in male reproductive organs 24 . Previous studies have shown similar findings that I/R leads to increased MDA and inactivation of antioxidant enzymes in rat testes 23,25,26 . ROS Metformin is a biguanide drug which improves the sensitivity to insulin, increases the insulin-stimulated uptake and utilization of glucose, reduces basal hepatic glucose production, causes weight reduction and decreases hunger 28 .…”

“…The first phase occurs immediately after reperfusion, extends for a few hours and is a typical oxidative stress situation, reversible in terms of cellular injury 2,8 . MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation and is a well-known parameter for determining the increased free radical formation in post-ischemic tissue 22,23 . SOD and glutathione peroxidase are major enzymes that scavenge harmful ROS in male reproductive organs 24 .…”

The protective effects of trimetazidine on testicular ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats

“…The first phase occurs immediately after reperfusion, extends for a few hours and is a typical oxidative stress situation, reversible in terms of cellular injury [15,16]. MDA is the end product of lipid peroxidation and is a well-known parameter for determining the increased free radical formation in postischemic tissue [17]. SOD and GPx are major enzymes that scavenge harmful ROS in male reproductive organs.…”

Ipsilateral testicular necrosis and atrophy after 1,080-degree torsion of the spermatic cord in rats

“…With 720-degree of torsion, several studies have reported reduction in testicular blood flow varying from 61.7% to 100%; [5][6][7][8] with ischemic injury after periods of time as diverse as 1 hour and 8 hours of torsion. [7][8][9][10][11] This experimental study with rats was performed with the objective of assessing the incidence of testicular necrosis immediately after one to four hours of 1,080-degree torsion of spermatic cord (testicular ischemia); the incidence of testicular necrosis and atrophy 60 days after detorsion of the spermatic cord (testicular ischemia/reperfusion) in rats undergoing 1,080-degree torsion of the spermatic cord between one and four hours; and differences in rates of testicular necrosis immediately after 1, 2, and 4 hours of 1,080-degree torsion of spermatic cord, and 60 days following detorsion of the spermatic cord.…”