Effects of furan on male rat reproduction parameters in a 90-day gavage study

Cooke, Gerard M.; Taylor, Marnie; Bourque, Christine; Curran, Ivan; Gurofsky, Susan; Gill, Santokh

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.02.003

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The reproductive system is sensitive to substances such as contaminants as well as pesticides and food additives (Karacaoğlu & Selmanoğlu, ). Among contaminants, furan may affect reproductive system in male rats (Cooke, Taylor, Bourque, Curran, Gurofsky, & Gill, ; Karacaoğlu & Selmanoğlu, ). Luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels decreased in furan‐treated male rats.…”

Section: Review Of Furan Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial furan and its biological effects on the body systems

et al. 2018

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Furan as a product of thermal processing is found in many foods and beverages. In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity was positive for furan, also when metabolic preconditions for the formation of Z‐2‐butene‐1,4dialdehyde (BDA), the reactive compound, was met. However, in major studies, high doses represented the genotoxic effect. Moreover, data on toxicity in different cells and organs are inconsistent. For preparing remarkable risk assessments in human, providing bioassay data is necessary. We aimed to review available evidences about furan and BDA. A vast number of studies have been published on toxicity of furan in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we present a comprehensive review on the current status of furan in inducing toxic effects in different body systems, and possible mechanisms involved in the negative effects of this compound. In this article, furan mitigation procedures in foods have been taken into account. Practical applications From industrial point, furan is repeatedly used as an intermediate chemical in the process of producing some compounds such as resins, lacquers, pesticides and drugs. Furthermore, it is common as a side‐product of high‐energy radiation and thermal processes in food production. The current study focused on the effects of furan on the body organs. Furthermore, furan mitigation procedures in foods have been addressed in the current study. Nearly all previous studies on the industrial furan demonstrated that it has adverse health effects on the organs of the body. In order to prove specific results, further studies regarding furan risk assessment is of great importance.

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Section: Review Of Furan Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial furan and its biological effects on the body systems

et al. 2018

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“…Furan (C 4 H 4 O) is a colorless volatile organic compound that is used in several industries and is also found in various common food products that undergo excessive heat treatment, such as canned and jarred foods, coffee, sauces, soups, baby foods, infant formula, and beverages. [1][2][3][4][5] Furan is also present in the environment, as it is the main constituent of cigarette smoke, wood smoke, and exhaust gases from engines. 6 Because of the toxic nature of furan and its excessive daily intake in humans through diet and air, it has become a matter of concern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Various toxicants are dangerous to cell membranes since they cause increase in lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA damage in the cells. 5,11,14 Furan can easily pass through biological membranes due to its low polarity and acts as an endocrine disruptor as it has been reported previously that exposure to different concentrations of furan resulted in the disturbance of the reproductive neuroendocrine system in rats. 5 It has been previously reported that furan is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and an apoptotic inducer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,11,14 Furan can easily pass through biological membranes due to its low polarity and acts as an endocrine disruptor as it has been reported previously that exposure to different concentrations of furan resulted in the disturbance of the reproductive neuroendocrine system in rats. 5 It has been previously reported that furan is cytotoxic, genotoxic, and an apoptotic inducer. 15,16 Previous literature on furan reported that its exposure causes reproductive impairment by disturbing reproductive organ growth; spermatogenesis; testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion; and reproductive performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,16 Previous literature on furan reported that its exposure causes reproductive impairment by disturbing reproductive organ growth; spermatogenesis; testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion; and reproductive performances. 5,6,16 It has been previously reported that hazardous environmental toxicants can bring variations in the signaling pathways of cells and defensive and protective systems of the antioxidant levels of the cells by affecting physiological conditions. 12,17 Furan caused significant changes in histological structure of cells, malondialdehyde levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and caused DNA damage in lymphocytes and sperm cells by producing ROS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of endocrine disruptor furan on reproductive physiology of Sprague Dawley rats: An F1 Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (EOGRTS)

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the reproductive toxicity of furan in an Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study in rats. Sprague Dawley F0 weaning rats (30 per sex per group) were exposed to furan orally at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg kg−1 for 10 weeks (males) and 2 weeks (females) and then mated. Results of F0 indicated that in the furan-treated groups (5 mg kg−1 and 10 mg kg−1), body weight (bw) gain decreased during prebreed and gestational period while increased during lactation periods. F0 animals prebreeding exposure resulted in head tilt and foot splay at 10 mg kg−1. Number of live pups at birth were decreased ( p < 0.001) at 10 mg kg−1. At postnatal day (PND) 70, a significant ( p = 0.03) decrease in testosterone levels of male rats and estrogen levels of female rats ( p = 0.05) was observed in 10 mg kg−1 furan-treated group in F1 generation. Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone levels were also reduced, but their reduction was not statistically significant in all groups. In higher dose furan group (10 mg kg−1), testicular and ovarian weights were reduced in F1 generation at PND 70, with decreased daily sperm production ( p = 0.01) and disturbed estrous cyclicity ( p < 0.01). Some histopathological changes were also observed in testis and ovaries in groups whose parents were previously exposed to 10 mg kg−1 bw of furan group. Based on the above results, it is suggested that exposure to food-based contaminant furan induced remarkable changes in the F0 (parental stage) and F1 (offspring, pubertal, and adult stage) generations of Sprague Dawley rats.

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Furan [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]

Hartwig

2017

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated furan [110‐00‐9]. All toxicity endpoints have been considered and publications are described in detail. Genotoxicity data show only a secondary genotoxic effect at high doses and no effect at low doses. Therefore, furan is classified as a primary non‐genotoxic carcinogen. As a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) can be derived from available studies, furan was reclassified from Category 2 into Category 4 for carcinogens. There are no long‐term inhalation studies available to derive a MAK value. In a 13‐week study with rats, subcapsular inflammation and apoptosis in the liver of unclear relevance for humans were observed at 0.12 mg/kg body weight/day with a NOAEL of 0.03 mg/kg body weight/day. These may be adaptive effects and were not observed in a two‐year study or its interim investigations. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model predicted the burden in human livers to be about three‐fold lower compared with rats. The NOAEL of 0.03 mg/kg body weight/day was scaled to a concentration at the workplace and a MAK value of 0.02 ml/m 3 was derived, also taking into account the lower liver dose in humans. The MAK value was derived from a systemic NOAEL; therefore, furan is classified in Peak Limitation Category II with the default excursion factor of 2 as sufficient toxicokinetic data are not available, especially for the reactive metabolite cis‐2‐butene‐1,4‐dial. Model calculations show that dermal absorption would contribute substantially to the systemic toxicity and furan continues to be designated with an „H“. Because there are no studies on developmental toxicity, furan is assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D. There are no data on sensitization.

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Effects of furan on male rat reproduction parameters in a 90-day gavage study

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Industrial furan and its biological effects on the body systems

Industrial furan and its biological effects on the body systems

Effects of endocrine disruptor furan on reproductive physiology of Sprague Dawley rats: An F1 Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (EOGRTS)

Furan [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]

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