Effects of fungal interaction on ochratoxin A production by A. carbonarius at different temperatures and aw

Prevention of ochratoxin A contamination of foodand ochratoxin A detoxification by microorganisms - a review

“…herbarum, E. amstelodami, and Candida sp.) on OTA production by A. carbonarius were studied on a medium similar to the grape composition by Valero et al (2006). From the tenth day, all species inhibited OTA accumulation at 0.97 a w and 30°C.…”

“…Lee and Magan (1999) reported that the ability of A. ochraceus to colonise maize and produce mycotoxins is primarily determined by its competitive capabilities relative to other species. According to Valero et al (2006), the reduction of OTA amount may be due to: (i) limitation of the growth of OTA-producing fungus, (ii) antagonistic fungi consumption of specific nutrients that are necessary for OTA synthesis, (iii) OTA degradation by other fungi.…”

“…Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the main mycotoxin in the group of ochratoxins (Ringot et al 2005) and is produced by several fungal species of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium (Malíř et al 2003;Valero et al 2006;Cavin et al 2007). The major OTA-producing species are Penicillium (P.) verrucosum, Aspergillus (A.)…”

“…Toxic effects of OTA are various, the most relevant being nephrotoxicity and nephrocarcinogenicity in rodents (Cavin et al 2007). In 1993, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified OTA as a possible human carcinogen (Valero et al 2006). It has been speculated that OTA may be associated with the human disease Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and the onset of urinary tract tumours.…”

Cultura mista, manipulação química e genética de micro-organismos: estratégias para a diversificação do metabolismo secundário

“…Em cultivo misto, Trichoderma harzianum foi capaz de inibir patógenos de solo e plantas (CHOUDARY; REDDY; REDDY, 2007;GAO et al, 2001). Experimentos mostraram que a produção de ocratoxina A, uma micotoxina bem conhecida produzida por espécies do gênero Penicillium e Aspergillus, foi inibida quando Aspergillus carbonarius cresceu em culturas mistas (VALERO et al, 2006). Em contraste, outros relatos indicam que a produção foi significativamente estimulada em co-cultura (LEE; MANGAN, 1999 Através de diferentes experimentos para medir expressão gênica, foi demonstrado que distintas interações fungo-bactérias levam à específica ativação de genes envolvidos no metabolismo secundário fúngico.…”