Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Low Molecular Mass Fractions on Gene Expression in Gingival Cells Challenged with <i>Prevotella intermedia</i> and <i>Actinomyces naeslundii</i>

Canesi, Laura; Borghi, C.; Stauder, Monica; Lingström, Peter; Papetti, Adele; Pratten, Jonathan; Signoretto, Caterina; Spratt, David A.; Wilson, Mike R.; Zaura, Egija; Pruzzo, Carla

doi:10.1155/2011/230630

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…As in the case of S. mutans , binding sub-fraction #5 to surface proteins of P. intermedia may result in denaturation and inactivation of their physiological functions. This is compatible with the observed intererence of P. intermedia adhesion to gingival cells [ 8 , 41 ], biofilm formation and disgregation [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The anti-adhesive mode of action of a purified mushroom (Lentinus edodes) extract with anticaries and antigingivitis properties in two oral bacterial pathogens

Signoretto

Marchi

Bertoncelli

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundIn previous works we have shown that a low-molecular-mass (LMM) fraction from mushroom (Lentinus edodes) homogenate interferes with binding of Streptococcus mutans to hydroxyapatite and Prevotella intermedia to gingival cells. Additionally, inhibition of biofilm formation of both odonto- and periodonto-pathogenic bacteria and detachment from preformed biofilms have been described for this compound. Further purification of mushroom extract has been recently achieved and a sub-fraction (i.e. # 5) has been identified as containing the majority of the mentioned biological activities. The aim of this study was to characterise the bacterial receptors for the purified mushroom sub-fraction #5 in order to better elucidate the mode of action of this compound when interfering with bacterial adhesion to host surfaces or with bacteria-bacteria interactions in the biofilm state.MethodsCandidate bacterial molecules to act as target of this compound were bacterial surface molecules involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation, and, thus, we have considered cell wall associated proteins (CWPs), teichoic acid (TA) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) of S. mutans, and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. intermedia.ResultsFifteen S. mutans CWPs and TA were capable of binding sub-fraction #5, while LTA did not. As far as P. intermedia is concerned, we show that five OMPs interact with sub-fraction # 5. Capacity of binding to P. intermedia LPS was also studied but in this case negative results were obtained.ConclusionsBinding sub-fraction # 5 to surface molecules of S. mutans or P. intermedia may result in inactivation of their physiological functions. As a whole, these results indicate, at molecular level, the bacterial surface alterations affecting adhesion and biofim formation. For these antimicrobial properties, the compound may find use in daily oral hygiene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The anti-adhesive mode of action of a purified mushroom (Lentinus edodes) extract with anticaries and antigingivitis properties in two oral bacterial pathogens

Signoretto

Marchi

Bertoncelli

et al. 2014

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…This result may be attributed to the ability displayed by the mushroom mouthwash to reduce plaque deposition, but an anti-inflammatory activity or a sort of gingival cell protection by the mushroom extract may be suspected. Indeed, the LMM fraction of mushroom extract, at concentrations that did not affect the viability of KB gingival cells, is capable of modulating the expression of different genes induced by both live and heat-killed P. intermedia and A. naeslundii , thus supporting the hypothesis that this foodstuff extract can modulate the responses of gingival cells to periodontopathogens [ 20 ]. The effects of the mushroom mouthrinse on both PI and GI are reminiscent of those observed in oolong tea [ 11 ] and pomegranate [ 21 ] extract which significantly inhibit dental plaque deposition in volunteers but differ from those of nondialysable material of cranberry juice [ 12 ] for which no effect was detected on either gingival or plaque indices after a 42-day study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Testing a Low Molecular Mass Fraction of a Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) Extract Formulated as an Oral Rinse in a Cohort of Volunteers

Signoretto

Burlacchini

Marchi

et al. 2011

BioMed Research International

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Although foods are considered enhancing factors for dental caries and periodontitis, laboratory researches indicate that several foods and beverages contain components endowed with antimicrobial and antiplaque activities. A low molecular mass (LMM) fraction of an aqueous mushroom extract has been found to exert these activities in in vitro experiments against potential oral pathogens. We therefore conducted a clinical trial in which we tested an LMM fraction of shiitake mushroom extract formulated in a mouthrinse in 30 young volunteers, comparing the results with those obtained in two identical cohorts, one of which received water (placebo) and the other Listerine. Plaque index, gingival index and bacterial counts in plaque samples were determined in all volunteers over the 11 days of the clinical trial. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were obtained for the plaque index on day 12 in subjects treated with mushroom versus placebo, while for the gingival index significant differences were found for both mushroom versus placebo and mushroom versus Listerine. Decreases in total bacterial counts and in counts of specific oral pathogens were observed for both mushroom extract and Listerine in comparison with placebo. The data suggest that a mushroom extract may prove beneficial in controlling dental caries and/or gingivitis/periodontitis.

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“…The present findings conform to previous observational studies showing higher intake of these food groups related to lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, as well as progression of periodontitis [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Bioactive compounds in whole fruits and vegetables (especially the polyphenols and fiber) and dairy products have been shown to improve inflammatory biomarkers and alveolar bone loss in gingivitis and periodontitis [ 38 , 41 , 42 ]. On the other hand, impaired masticatory abilities [ 43 , 44 ] and changes in taste and smell in progressive periodontitis [ 45 , 46 ] may substantially limit or skew the intake of whole fruits and vegetables, as well as impact the preference of specific foods in older adults affected by periodontitis and diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Basu,

Richardson,

Carlos

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Periodontitis is a commonly occurring inflammatory oral disease affecting a large proportion of global and US adults and is characterized by the destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. Its etiology is multifactorial, and type 2 diabetes and diet play critical roles in its remission and progression. However, few studies have addressed nutritional and serum vitamin D status in adults with periodontitis in the presence of diabetes. A cross-sectional study (n = 78), and a sub-set of age- and BMI-matched case–control studies (n = 50), were conducted to examine differences in dietary and cardiometabolic variables, and serum vitamin D in adults with periodontitis with or without diabetes. Participants provided fasting blood samples and 24-h diet recalls on at least two different days. Data on health history, body weight, height, nutritional habits, and clinical features of periodontitis were also collected. The Mann–Whitney U Test (with exact p-value estimation by Monte Carlo simulation) was used to examine differences by diabetes status in continuous and ordinal variables. Results revealed significantly lower serum vitamin D, and dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, dairy, vitamins A and C in adults with periodontitis with vs. without diabetes in the sub-study (all p < 0.05). In the overall sample, adults with diabetes presented with higher caries risk measures and lower numbers of teeth than those without diabetes; plaque and bleeding scores did not differ by diabetes status. Finally, a significant associations of food habits was observed, especially consuming protein-rich foods twice a day with a lower bleeding score, and daily consumption of fried or fast foods with a fewer number of teeth present (all p < 0.05). The present findings show significant dietary and serum vitamin D inadequacies among adults with periodontitis, and diabetes further aggravates the observed malnourishment and oral health.

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Effects of Fruit and Vegetable Low Molecular Mass Fractions on Gene Expression in Gingival Cells Challenged with Prevotella intermedia and Actinomyces naeslundii

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

The anti-adhesive mode of action of a purified mushroom (Lentinus edodes) extract with anticaries and antigingivitis properties in two oral bacterial pathogens

The anti-adhesive mode of action of a purified mushroom (Lentinus edodes) extract with anticaries and antigingivitis properties in two oral bacterial pathogens

Testing a Low Molecular Mass Fraction of a Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) Extract Formulated as an Oral Rinse in a Cohort of Volunteers

The Associations of Cardiometabolic and Dietary Variables with Clinical Periodontitis in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

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