Effects of Fructose and/or Fat in the Diet on Developing the Type 2 Diabetic-like Syndrome in CD-1 Mice

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to examine the interactions of fructose and fat on glucose regulation and lipid metabolism in CD-1 mice. Mice were assigned in five groups. The control group was provided with tap water and a gavage of vehicle; four experimental groups were treated with 150 g/l fructose solution (FS1), fat emulsion (FE), 150 g/l fructose solution and fat emulsion (FS1+FE), or 70 g/l fructose solution and fat emulsion (FS2+FE) for 12 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, both oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were conducted. Lipid profiles in serum, liver, and red gastrocnemius muscle, and serum insulin and glucose concentrations were assessed. The FS1+FE group showed combined glucose intolerance (CGI) and decrease of insulin sensitivity. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were elevated in all experimental groups (p<0.05). The combined diet groups showed statistically significant (p<0.01) increase in total cholesterol (TC) level in comparison with the control FE (p<0.05), or FS1 (p<0.05) group. Triglyceride levels in liver and red gastrocnemius muscle were significantly increased in FE and combined groups. In conclusion, combination of FE and 150 g/l fructose solution for 8 weeks led to CGI. Fructose enhanced the adverse effect of FE on glucose regulation with increasing percentage in the diet. Furthermore, there was a synergistic effect of fructose and fat on elevating the serum TC level.

Fructose and glucose combined with free fatty acids induce metabolic disorders in HepG2 cell: A new model to study the impacts of high‐fructose/sucrose and high‐fat diets in vitro

“…Emerging evidence shows that excess consumption of fructose rather than glucose and sucrose may result in severe metabolic syndromes in the liver, including IR, NAFLD, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, high plasma FFAs, and even liver inflammation . In addition, high‐fructose/sucrose and high‐fat diets can synergistically induce adverse effects toward animal and human health , predicting an interaction between sugar and fat. After comparing the differences between the previous study and the fructose‐induced in vivo studies, we speculated that the levels of fructose and the presence of FFAs might play key roles in affecting liver cells.…”

“…From the data of USDA, aside from sugars, daily fat intake has also sharply increased by about 55% from 1986 to 2007 . Emerging evidence indicates that high‐fat diet would induce metabolic disorders with high‐fructose diet , leading to hyperlipidemia and numerous liver lesions, including NAFLD, IR, uric acid (UA) overproduction, and liver inflammation . Moreover, a previous study showed that fat could induce a faster onset of metabolic symptoms with fructose than sucrose, whereas glucose would not .…”

Cardiovascular Interactions Between Losartan and Fructose in Mice

“…35,36 This supports the usefulness of the fructose diet to produce a model for the experimental syndrome of insulin resistance, a precursor condition to type 2 diabetes. Clinical and basic studies have shown that Ang AT1 blockade improves β-cell function, glucose tolerance, and delays the onset of type 2 diabetes.…”

Dietary intervention with Stevia residue extracts alleviates impaired glucose regulation in mice

“…Increasing ingestion of high calorie food was considered to be a major risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Zhang et al () observed that HFFD can successfully induce IGR, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, impaired antioxidant potential, and liver steatosis in ICR mice.…”