Effects of Frozen Storage on Phospholipid Content in Atlantic Cod Fillets and the Influence on Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

Fauske, Kristin Røen; Bernhard, A.; Fjære, Even; Myrmel, Lene Secher; Frøyland, Livar; Kristiansen, Karsten; Liaset, Bjørn; Madsen, Lise

doi:10.3390/nu10060695

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…However, we recently demonstrated that addition of phospholipid-bound, but not TAG-bound, n -3 PUFA to a pork-based diet led to a small increase in weight gain ( 113 ) . Further, freezing initiates hydrolysis of the phospholipids present in the fillet, but the anti-obesogenic effect of frozen stored cod was more pronounced than fresh cod ( 113 ) . Still, feeding mice Western diets where meat from lean pork was exchanged with stored frozen cod for 12 weeks lowered the n -6: n -3 ratio in liver phospholipids and in erythrocytes ( 100 ) .…”

Section: Animal Trials With Lean Seafood Obesity and Potential Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafood intake and the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2019

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We provide an overview of studies on seafood intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity development is for most individuals the result of years of positive energy balance. Evidence from intervention trials and animal studies suggests that frequent intake of lean seafood, as compared with intake of terrestrial meats, reduces energy intake by 4–9 %, sufficient to prevent a positive energy balance and obesity. At equal energy intake, lean seafood reduces fasting and postprandial risk markers of insulin resistance, and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults. Energy restriction combined with intake of lean and fatty seafood seems to increase weight loss. Marine n-3 PUFA are probably of importance through n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids and oxylipins, but other constituents of seafood such as the fish protein per se, trace elements or vitamins also seem to play a largely neglected role. A high intake of fatty seafood increases circulating levels of the insulin-sensitising hormone adiponectin. As compared with a high meat intake, high intake of seafood has been reported to reduce plasma levels of the hepatic acute-phase protein C-reactive protein level in some, but not all studies. More studies are needed to confirm the dietary effects on energy intake, obesity and insulin resistance. Future studies should be designed to elucidate the potential contribution of trace elements, vitamins and undesirables present in seafood, and we argue that stratification into responders and non-responders in randomised controlled trials may improve the understanding of health effects from intake of seafood.

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Section: Animal Trials With Lean Seafood Obesity and Potential Mechamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafood intake and the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

et al. 2019

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“…Given that a large fraction of the n-3 PUFAs in cod fillets is present in phospholipids, our results are in line with the reported higher bioavailability of PL-bound relative to TAG-bound EPA and DHA [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 ]. However, it has also been reported that dietary PL-bound n-3 PUFAs and TAG-bound n-3 PUFAs have similar bioavailability [ 19 ] and a critical review published in 2014 concluded that there was no evidence for greater bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs from PLs compared with TAGs [ 48 ]. Still, results from this study are in line with other studies demonstrating that an increased n-3:n-6 ratio in fish fillets and in PLs from livers and RBCs collected from mice consuming fish-containing diets, associates with reduced obesity [ 24 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methyl ester of C19:0 (non-adecanoic acid) was added to each fraction/sample as the internal standard before saponifying the lipid samples with NaOH and methylating the fatty acids using 12% BF 3 in methanol. Fatty acids in each fraction were determined by a gas chromatography (GC) (GLC TRACE GC 2000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) column (CP-sil-88, 50 m WCOT) coupled with a flame ionization detector, identified by retention time using standard mixtures of methyl esters (Nu-Chek Prep, Elysian, MN, USA) and quantified towards the internal standard under conditions as previously described [ 19 ] based on Lie et al [ 17 ]. Limit of quantification was 0.01 mg fatty acids/g sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite a low-fat content, lean marine fish species and seafood products based on such fish contain both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) [ 16 ]. Unlike fatty fish and cod liver oil, the majority of the marine n-3 PUFAs in shellfish and marine lean fish fillet is present in the form of phospholipids (PLs) [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. PL-bound n-3 PUFAs have been considered as more bioavailable for tissue accretion than triacylglycerol (TAG)-bound n-3 PUFAs [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intake of a Western diet with cod as the protein source led to increased levels of both EPA and DHA in mouse tissue phospholipids and attenuated obesity development [ 24 ]. However, supplementing a pork-based diet with PL-bound n-3 PUFAs extracted from herring roe did not protect against obesity in mice [ 19 ]. Still, in casein-based diets, the anti-obesogenic and anti-steatotic effects of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs [ 25 ], as well as the anti-atherosclerotic effects of PL-bound EPA in ApoE-/- mice [ 26 ], are reported to be superior to their TAG-bound counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species Is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets

et al. 2020

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Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.

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The Food Sources in Western Diets Modulate Obesity Development, Insulin Sensitivity, and the Plasma and Cecal Metabolome in Mice

Myrmel,

Fjære,

Han

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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ScopeDietary constituents modulate development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The metabolic impact from different food sources in western diets (WD) on obesity development is not fully elucidated. This study aims to identify dietary sources that differentially affect obesity development and the metabolic processes involved.Methods and resultsMice were fed isocaloric WDs with protein and fat from different food groups, including egg and dairy, terrestrial meat, game meat, marine, vegetarian, and a mixture of all. This study evaluates development of obesity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and plasma and cecal metabolome. WD based on marine or vegetarian food sources protects male mice from obesity development and insulin resistance, whereas meat‐based diets promote obesity. The intake of different food sources induces marked differences in the lipid‐related plasma metabolome, particularly impacting phosphatidylcholines. Fifty‐nine lipid‐related plasma metabolites are positively associated with adiposity and a distinct cecal metabolome is found in mice fed a marine diet.ConclusionThis study demonstrates differences in obesity development between the food groups. Diet specific metabolomic signatures in plasma and cecum associated with adiposity, where a marine based diet modulates the level of plasma and cecal phosphatidylcholines in addition to preventing obesity development.

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Effects of Frozen Storage on Phospholipid Content in Atlantic Cod Fillets and the Influence on Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice

Cited by 8 publications

References 50 publications

Seafood intake and the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Seafood intake and the development of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species Is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets

The Food Sources in Western Diets Modulate Obesity Development, Insulin Sensitivity, and the Plasma and Cecal Metabolome in Mice

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