Effects of Frequency Filtering and Delayed Sidetone on Vocal Responses

Fulton, Robert T.; Spuehler, Henry E.

doi:10.1044/jshr.0504.382

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“…The consistency of the singers’ loss of SPL in the NM condition may lie not in vocal or auditory malfunction but in other sensory feedback. Reflexive responses to auditory feedback in relation to the regulation of intensity of vocal SPL have been documented (Chang-yit, 1975; Fulton & Spuehler, 1962): the Lombard effect (Lane & Tranel, 1971; Winkworth & Davis, 1997), whereby speakers raise their sound level with increases in background noise; and the sidetone effect, whereby speakers lower their vocal level if the auditory feedback of their own voice is artificially increased (Fulton & Spuehler, 1962; Lane, Catania, & Stevens, 1961). There is also evidence that an automatic mechanism for regulating voice SPL exists but that it is only accurate for changes up to 1dB (Bauer, Mittal, Larson, & Hain, 2006).…”

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Restraint of body movement potentially reduces peak SPL in western contemporary popular singing

Turner

Kenny

2011

Musicae Scientiae

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In western contemporary popular (WCP) singing, body movement is integral to overall stage performance. However, singers are often directed to stand still while singing during recording sessions or music theatre productions. No assessment has been undertaken by sound engineers or directors to determine whether singers can produce the same sound levels under conditions of voluntary movement restraint. The aim of this investigation was to assess the impact of body movement restraint on sound pressure levels (SPL) in WCP singing. Six professional WCP singers sang a section of a song in two performance modes: first with the directive to perform as they normally would on a stage and then when directed to stand still during their performance. The recordings were analysed for SPL and the results of the two conditions were compared. There was a significant reduction in the SPL recorded by the singers both statistically and acoustically in the 'non-movement' condition. This result suggests that restraint of movement during WCP singing is associated with reduced peaks in SPL. Possible reasons for this reduction include the inhibition of respiratory mechanisms for subglottal pressure production and interference with sensorimotor feedback mechanisms such as the autophonic response.

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