“…Glucose and NEFA have also been shown to impair their own intraislet metabolism via changes in expression of genes encoding for key enzymes in glycolytic, lipogenic and fat oxidation pathways [9,16,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. The expression of such transcription factors as pancreatic/duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1 or insulin promoter factor-1, IPF-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ, also appear to be modified by glucose and/or NEFA in pancreatic islets [9,15,16,17,18,25,26,28].…”